Blood exosomes as new biomarkers of infectious diseases
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-744-748
A.V. Ageykin1, A.V. Gorelov2,3, D.V. Usenko2, V.L. Melnikov1
1Penza State University, Penza, Russian Federation
2Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision
of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation
3A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Extracellular vesicles are biological membrane objects having a size of less than 1000 nm, the main function of which is the transport of various biologically active molecules. They can also provide intercellular interactions and perform other biological functions. The review provides general information about extracellular vesicles, their varieties, morphological and microscopic features. The article gives various classifications of extracellular vesicles and considers pathogenetic features of the exosome interaction with viruses. Adding that the specific patterns of the introduction, interaction and identification of exosomes affected by viruses are determined on the example of a number of viruses. The possibility of extracellular vesicles to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, coordinating the immune system activity in response to the viral effects, is indicated. Exosome ability to mediate intercellular communication through innate and adaptive immune responses is d iscussed. The paper considers the prospects of using exosomes in the preventive diagnosis of infectious diseases, which will allow using exomes as the main diagnostic tool and determining the stage of infectious disease progression. The review provides information about the study of the exosome therapeutic possibilities. The authors have drawn conclusions about the importance of continuing the study of exosomes for use in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
Keywords: viruses, extracellular vesicles, apoptotic bodies of exosomes, ectosomes, diagnosis, treatment.
For citation: Ageykin A.V., Gorelov A.V., Usenko D.V., Melnikov V.L. Blood exosomes as new biomarkers of infectious diseases. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):–748 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-744-748.
About the authors:
Alexey V. Ageykin — Assistant of the Department of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Penza State University; 40, Krasnaya str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-5092-4744.
Alexander V. Gorelov — Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director of Science, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; 3A, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; 20/1, Delegatskaya str., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-9257-0171.
Denis V. Usenko — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Educational Center, Leading Researcher of the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; 3A, Novogireevskaya str., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-5232-7337.
Viktor L. Melnikov — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of the Department of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Penza State University; 40, Krasnaya str., Penza, 440026, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-2175-5547.
Contact information: Alexey V. Ageykin, e-mail: AgeykinAV@yandex.ru.
Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned.
There is no conflict of interests.
Received 05.07.2021.
Revised 28.07.2021.
Accepted 20.08.2021.
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