Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
Evsyutina Yu.V.
National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow
In 2012, the results of the project «Human Microbiome» were presented to a wide audience. It significantly improved the understanding of microflora and its role in maintaining the health and pathogenesis of diseases. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contains the greatest number of bacteria, so many researches are devoted to the study of its microbiota. It is established, that the microbiota performs a variety of functions, the main of which are: participation in metabolic and food processes, regulation of the adaptive immune response, protection from pathogenic microorganisms, participation in signaling pathways in inflammatory processes. At present, methods of influencing the intestinal microbioma, namely the use of antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and transplantation of fecal microbiota are being actively studied. Probiotics favorably affect the intestinal microflora due to modulation of the immune system of the mucosa, suppression of the growth of pathogenic bacteria, reducing inflammation. In this review, the experience of using probiotics and prebiotics in various pathologies of the digestive tract, as well as the requirements for probiotics, are considered.
Key words: inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal microbioma, probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, diarrhea.
For citation: Evsyutina Yu.V. Probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract // RMJ. 2018. № 3. P. 18–22.
References
1. Hilty M., Burke C., Pedro H. et al. Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways // PLoS One. 2010. Vol. 5 (1): e8578.
2. Blaser M. J. The microbiome revolution // J Clin Invest. 2014. Vol. 124 (10). P. 4162–4165.
3. Belkaid Y., Hand T. W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation // Cell 2014. Vol. 157 (1). P. 121–141.
4. Atarashi K., Tanoue T., Shima T. et al. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species // Science. 2011. Vol. 331. P. 337–341.
5. Hansen J. J., Sartor R. B. Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome in IBD: Current Results and Future Approaches // Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2015. Vol. 13. P. 105–120.
6. Shen J., Zuo Z. X., Mao A. P. Effect of probiotics on inducing remission and maintaining therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and pouchitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014. Vol. 20. P. 21–35.
7. Ritchie M. L., Romanuk T. N. A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases // PLoS One. 2012. Vol. 7: e34938.
8. Mohamadzadeh M., Pfeiler E. A., Brown J. B. et al. Regulation of induced colonic inflammation by Lactobacillus acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011. Vol. 108. Suppl 1. P. 4623–4630.
9. Yan F., Cao H., Cover T. L. et al. Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth // Gastroenterology. 2007. Vol. 132. P. 562–575.
10. Ng S. C., Plamondon S., Kamm M. A. et al. Immunosuppressive effects via human intestinal dendritic cells of probiotic bacteria and steroids in the treatment of acute ulcerative colitis // Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010. Vol. 16 (8). P. 1286–1290.
11. Dalmasso G., Cottrez F., Imbert V. et al. Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits inflammatory bowel disease by trapping T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes // Gastroenterology. 2006. Vol. 131. P. 1812–1825.
12. Rousseaux C., Thuru X., Gelot A. et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors // Nat Med. 2007. Vol. 13. P. 35–37.
13. Singh S., Stroud A. M., Holubar S. D. et al. Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis // Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2015. Issue 11. CD001176.
14. Komanduri S., Gillevet P. M., Sikaroodi M. et al. Dysbiosis in pouchitis: evidence of unique microfloral patterns in pouch inflammation // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007. Vol. 5 (3). P. 352–360.
15. Sokol H., Lay C., Seksik P., Tannock G. W. Analysis of bacterial bowel communities of IBD patients: what has it revealed? // Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008. Vol. 14. P. 858–867.
16. Mimura T., Rizzello F., Helwig U. et al. Once daily high dose probiotic therapy (VSL#3) for maintaining remission in recurrent or refractory pouchitis // Gut. 2004. Vol. 53. P. 108–114.
17. Gionchetti P., Rizzello F., Helwig U. et al. Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial // Gastroenterology. 2003. Vol. 124. P. 1202–1209.
18. Holubar S. D., Cima R. R., Sandborn W. J. et al. Treatment and prevention of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Issue 11. CD001176.
19. Kruis W., Fric P., Pokrotnieks J. et al. Maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is as effective as with standard mesalazine // Gut. 2004. Vol. 53. P. 1617–1623.
20. Henker J., Müller S., Laass M. W. et al. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) for successful remission maintenance of ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents: an open-label pilot study // Z Gastroenterol. 2008. Vol. 46. P. 874–875.
21. Furrie E., Macfarlane S., Kennedy A. et al. Synbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial // Gut. 2005. Vol. 54. P. 242–249.
22. Sood A., Midha V., Makharia G. K. et al. The probiotic preparation, VSL#3 induces remission in patients with mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009. Vol. 7. P. 1202–1209.
23. Tursi A., Brandimarte G., Papa A. et al. Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study // Am J Gastroenterol. 2010. Vol. 105. P. 2218–2227.
24. Oliva S., Di Nardo G., Ferrari F. et al. Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 rectal enema in children with active distal ulcerative colitis // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012. Vol. 35. P. 327–334.
25. Wildt S., Nordgaard I., Hansen U. et al. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis // J Crohns Colitis. 2011. Vol. 5. P. 115–121.
26. Mallon P., McKay D., Kirk S., Gardiner K. Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007. Issue 4. CD005573.
27. Naidoo K., Gordon M., Fagbemi A. O. et al. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011. Issue 12. CD007443.
28. Lichtenstein L., Avni-Biron I., Ben-Bassat O. Probiotics and prebiotics in Crohn’s disease therapies // Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2016. Vol. 30 (1). P. 81–88.
29. Allen S. J., Martinez E. G., Gregorio G. V., Dans L. F. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhea // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Issue 11. CD003048.
30. Van Niel C. W., Feudtner C., Garrison M. M., Christakis D. A. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis // Pediatrics. 2002. Vol. 109. P. 678–684.
31. Dubey A. P., Rajeshwari K., Chakravarty A., Famularo G. Use of VSL#3 in the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children: preliminary results // J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008. Vol. 42. Suppl. 3. Pt. 1. P. S126-S129.
32. Teran C. G., Teran-Escalera C.N., Villarroel P. Nitazoxanide vs. probiotics for the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in Bolivian children // Int J Infect Dis. 2009. Vol. 13. P. 518–523.
33. Fang S. B., Lee H. C., Hu J. J. et al. Dose-dependent effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on quantitative reduction of faecal rotavirus shedding in children // J Trop Pediatr. 2009. Vol. 55. P. 297–301.
34. Brenner D. M., Moeller M. J., Chey W. D., Schoenfeld P. S. The utility of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review // Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; Vol. 104. P. 1033–1049.
35. Whorwell P. J., Altringer L., Morel J. et al. Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome // Am J Gastroenterol. 2006. Vol. 101. P. 1581–1590.
36. Nobaek S., Johansson M. L., Molin G. et al. Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome // Am J Gastroenterol. 2000. Vol. 95. P. 1231–1238.
37. Carroll I. M., Ringel-Kulka T., Keku T. O. et al. Molecular analysis of the luminal- and mucosal-associated intestinal microbiota in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome // Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011. Vol. 301. P. 799–807.
38. Yoon J. S., Sohn W., Lee O. Y. et al. Effect of Multispecies Probiotics on Irritable Bowel Syndrome // J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014. Vol. 29 (1). P. 52–59.
39. O’Sullivan M.A., O’Morain C. A. Bacterial supplementation in the irritable bowel syndrome. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study // Dig Liver Dis. 2000. Vol. 32. P. 294–301.
40. Allen S. J., Wareham K., Wang D. et al. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older inpatients (PLACIDE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial // Lancet 2013. Vol. 382. P. 1249–1257.
41. Ehrhardt S., Guo N., Hinz R. et al. Saccharomyces boulardii to Prevent Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial // Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016. Vol. 3 (1): ofw011.
42. Johnston B. C., Ma S. S., Goldenberg J. Z. et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Ann Intern Med. 2012. Vol. 157. P. 878–888.
43. Shen N. T., Maw A., Tmanova L. L. et al. Timely Use of Probiotics in Hospitalized Adults Prevents Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review With Meta-Regression Analysis // Gastroenterology. 2017. Vol. 152 (8). P. 1889–1900.
44. Hempel S., Newberry S. J., Maher A. R. et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis // JAMA. 2012. Vol. 307. P. 1959–1969.
45. Ritchie M. L., Romanuk T. N. A meta-analysis of probiotic efficacy for gastrointestinal diseases // PLoS One. 2012. Vol. 7 (4): e34938.
46. Belet N., Dalgiç N., Oncel S. et al. Catheter-related fungemia caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a newborn // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005. Vol. 24 (12). P. 1125.
47. Graf C., Gavazzi G. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in an immunocompromised patient not treated with Saccharomyces boulardii preparation // J Infect. 2007. Vol. 54. P. 310–311.
48. Boyle R. J., Robins-Browne R.M., Tang M. L. Probiotic use in clinical practice: what are the risks? // Am J Clin Nutr. 2006. Vol. 83. P. 1256–1264.
49. Muñoz P., Bouza E., Cuenca-Estrella M. et al. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease // Clin Infect Dis. 2005. Vol. 40. P. 1625–1634.
50. Plessas S., Bosnea L., Alexopoulos A. et al. Potential effects of probiotics in cheese and yogurt production // Eng Life Sci. 2012. Vol. 12 (4). P. 1–9.
51. Shah N. P., Lankaputhra W. E., Britz M. L. et al. Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in commercial yoghurt during refrigerated storage // Int Dairy J. 1995. Vol. 5. P. 515–521.
52. Shah N. P. Probiotic bacteria: Selective enumeration and sur- vival in dairy foods // J Dairy Sci. 2000. Vol. 83. P. 894–907.
53. Venugopalan V., Shriner K. A., Wong-Beringer A. Regulatory Oversight and Safety of Probiotic Use // Emerg Infect Dis. 2010. Vol. 16 (11). P. 1661–1665.
54. Синбиотик Максилак® [Sinbiotik Maksilak® (in Russian)]. (Электронный ресурс). http://maxilac.ru/. (Дата обращения: 20.04.2018).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License.
Previous article
Next article
















