Obesity and sleep: effect of sleep deprivation on body weight
M.V. Agaltsov, G.G. Arutyunyan, O.M. Drapkina
National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow
Many epidemiological studies revealed dependence between short duration (deficit) of sleep and overweight and obesity. Cross-cohort studies confirm more strong relationship in children than in adults. Prospective studies have shown that, despite their small number, persistent sleep deprivation further increases the risk of overweight and obesity.
There are several pathophysiological pathways that can integrate sleep deprivation with overweight and obesity. These can be roughly divided into biological (changes in appetite-regulating hormone levels (leptin and ghrelin), increased sympathetic activity, reduced brain glucose intake, increased evening cortisol intake) and behavioral (increased daily food intake, including high-calorie consumption in the form of snacks, alcohol consumption, increasing appetite, reduced energy and physical activity expenditure). However, simply increasing the sleep duration is not the solution of sleep deficit and obesity problem. The modern living conditions and the possible presence of various disturbances in the sleep structure may be factors causing sleep disorders.
Currently there is no convincing evidence that improving the quality and duration of sleep can help patients with obesity to reduce body weight. Further methodologically better prospective cohort studies are needed to demonstrate this relationship, as well as physiological studies that clarify the biological ways in which body weight gain can be realized with sleep deficit. All this is necessary to justify sleep correction as an effective measure of weight normalization.
Keywords: overweight, obesity, sleep, sleep deficit, energy consumption, hormones, risk factors.
For citation: Agaltsov M.V., Arutyunyan G.G., Drapkina O.M. Obesity and sleep: effect of sleep deprivation on body weight. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;1(I):10–15.
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9. Chaput J.P., Perusse L., Despres J.P. et al. Findings from the Quebec Family Study on the etiology of obesity: genetics and environmental highlights. Curr Obes Rep. 2014;3:54–66.
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11. Leger D., du Roscoat E., Bayon V. et al. Short sleep in young adults: prevalence and clinical description of short sleep in a representative sample of 1004 young adults from France. Sleep Med. 2011;12:454–462.
12. Knutson K.L., Van Cauter E., Rathouz P.J. et al. Trends in the prevalence of short sleepers in the USA: 1975–2006. Sleep. 2010;33:37–45.
13. Knutson K.L. Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity? Am J Hum Biol. 2012;24:361–371.
14. Cappuccio F.P., Taggart F.M., Kandala N.B. et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008;31:619–626.
15. Chen X., Beydoun M.A., Wang Y. Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16:265–274.
16. Patel S.R., Hu F.B. Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16:243–253.
17. Sekine M., Yamagami T., Handa K. et al. A dose-response relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood obesity: results of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study. Child Care Health Dev. 2002;28:163–170.
18. Padez C., Mourao I., Moreira P., Rosado V. Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children. Acta Pediatr. 2005;94:1550–1557.
19. Von Kries R., Toschke A.M., Wurmser H. et al. Reduced risk for overweight and obesity in 5- and 6-y-old children by duration of sleep — a cross-sectional study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:710–716.
20. Locard E., Mamelle N., Billette A. et al. Risk factors of obesity in a five year old population. Parental versus environmental factors. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992;16:721–729.
21. Chaput J.P., Brunet M., Tremblay A. Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/obesity: results from the ‘Quebec en Forme’ Project. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1080–1085.
22. Giugliano R., Carneiro E.C. Factors associated with obesity in school children. J Pediatr. 2004;80:17–22.
23. Ben Slama F., Achour A., Belhadj O. et al. Obesity and life style in a population of male school children aged 6 to 10 years in Ariana (Tunisia). Tunis Med. 2002;80:542–547.
24. Gupta N.K., Mueller W.H., Chan W., Meininger J.C. Is obesity associated with poor sleep quality in adolescents? Am J Hum Biol. 2002;14:762–768.
25. Benefice E., Garnier D., Ndiaye G. Nutritional status, growth and sleep habits among Senegalese adolescent girls. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:292–301.
26. Knutson K.L. Sex differences in the association between sleep and body mass index in adolescents. J Pediatr. 2005;147:830–834.
27. Chen M.Y., Wang E.K., Jeng Y.J. Adequate sleep among adolescents is positively associated with health status and health-related behaviors. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:59.
28. Kripke D.F., Garfinkel L., Wingard D.L. et al. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:131–136.
29. Heslop P., Smith G.D., Metcalfe C. et al. Sleep duration and mortality: The effect of short or long sleep duration on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in working men and women. Sleep Med. 2002;3:305–314.
30. Tamakoshi A., Ohno Y. Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan. Sleep. 2004;27:51–54.
31. Amagai Y., Ishikawa S., Gotoh T. et al. Sleep duration and mortality in Japan: the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study. J Epidemiol. 2004;14:124–128.
32. Gottlieb D.J., Redline S., Nieto F.J. et al. Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep. 2006;29:1009–1014.
33. Bjorkelund C., Bondyr-Carlsson D., Lapidus L. et al. Sleep disturbances in midlife unrelated to 32-year diabetes incidence: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:2739–2744.
34. Singh M., Drake C.L., Roehrs T. et al. The association between obesity and short sleep duration: A population-based study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2005;1:357–363.
35. Moreno C.R., Louzada F.M., Teixeira L.R. et al. Short Sleep Is Associated with оbesity among Truck Drivers. Chronobiol Int. 2006;23:1295–1303.
36. Ko G.T., Chan J.C., Chan A.W. et al. Association between sleeping hours, working hours and obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: the ‘better health for better Hong Kong’ health promotion campaign. Int J Obes. 2007;31:254–260.
37. Cournot M., Ruidavets J.B., Marquie J.C. et al. Environmental factors associated with body mass index in a population of Southern France. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11:291–297.
38. Taheri S., Lin L., Austin D. et al. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1: e62.
39. Kohatsu N.D., Tsai R., Young T. et al. Sleep duration and body mass index in a rural population. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1701–1705.
40. Chaput J.P., Despres J.P., Bouchard C., Tremblay A. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: results from the Quebec Family Study. Obesity. 2007;15:253–261.
41. Ohayon M.M. Interactions between sleep normative data and sociocultural characteristics in the elderly. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:479–486.
42. Ohayon M.M., Vecchierini M.F. Normative sleep data, cognitive function and daily living activities in older adults in the community. Sleep. 2005;28:981–989.
43. Lauderdale D.S., Knutson K.L., Yan L.L. et al. Objectively measured sleep characteristics among early middle-aged adults: the CARDIA study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:5–16.
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