Menopause (lecture)
A.V. Dreval
Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirskiy
The lecturer considers the changes, which develop in the female reproductive system with aging. The classification of reproductive system aging stages and changes in the hormonal status at every stage are given. It is shown, that naturally menopause starts at the age of 42 to 60 years (median of 51.4 years), and the most frequent symptoms of menopausal transition / perimenopause and early postmenopausal years are hot flashes, but other characteristic symptoms are also observed: vaginal dryness, sleep disturbance, depression. Clinical manifestations in each stage are presented. Long-term effects of estrogen deficiency are considered. The lecturer pays particular attention to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of menopause. Indications for hormonal therapy of menopausal symptoms are given.

Key words: menopause, menopausal transition, postmenopause, estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone
For citation: Dreval A.V. Menopause (lecture) // RMJ. 2018. № 1 (I). P. 3–7.