Smoking cessation in the elderly and senile age
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-503-507
O.N. Titova1, O.A. Sukhovskaya1,2, V.D. Kulikov1
1Research Institute of Pulmonology of the I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical
University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
2St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Tobacco smoking remains the main modifiable cause of premature mortality worldwide, which is associated with 12% of fatal outcomes among adults aged 30 years and older. The review is devoted to the problem of smoking cessation in elderly and senile patients. Less dependence on nicotine, but at the same time, less willingness to give up smoking are noted as patterns of elderly smokers. Also, there are gender differences in smoking cessation: men are less likely to quit or reduce smoking, to use medications or any services to help stop smoking and to talk to doctors about smoking. Special attention is paid to the problems that elderly people face when trying to quit smoking. In particular, it was noted that the potential opportunities for successful smoking cessation in elderly people are being missed due to the fact that doctors are less likely to offer them interventions or give them specific advice on quitting smoking. At the same time, large-scale prospective cohort studies have shown that the life expectancy of people who gave up tobacco smoking over the age of 65 was longer. The impact of smoking during the COVID-19 course is considered separately, and the expediency of initiating elderly smokers to quit smoking in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is substantiated.
Keywords: tobacco smoking, mortality, life expectancy, senile age, treatment.
For citation: Titova O.N., Sukhovskaya O.A., Kulikov V.D. Smoking cessation in the elderly and senile age. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(7):503–507 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-7-503-507.
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2. GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1923–1994. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6.
3. GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1659–1724. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8.
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5. Alqahtani J.S., Oyelade T., Aldhahir A.M. et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0233147. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233147.
6. Vardavas C.I., Nikitara K. COVID-19 and smoking: a systematic review of the evidence. Tob Induc Dis. 2020;18:20. DOI: 10.18332/tid/11932.
7. Zhao Q., Meng M., Kumar R. et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1915–1921. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25889.
8. Patanavanich R., Glantz S.A. Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1653–1656. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa082.
9. Karanasos A., Aznaouridis K., Latsios G. et al. Impact of smoking status on disease severity and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1657–1659. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa107.
10. Olloquequi J. COVID-19 susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020;50(10):e13382. DOI: 10.1111/eci.13382.
11. Sukhovskaya O.A., Kulikov V.D. Smoking: the current state of the problem in the Russian Federation. Asthma and Allergy. 2016;(4):3–7 (in Russ.).
12. Guan W., Ni Z., Hu Y. et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708–1720. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
13. Titova O.N., Kulikov V.D., Sukhovskaya O.А. Tobacco smoking and influenza (review). Medical Alliance. 2020;8(1):90–92 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.36422/23076348-2020-8-1-90-92.
14. Lina B., Georges A. Burtseva E. et al. Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:465. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05167-4.
15. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Russian Federation, 2009. М.; 2010 (in Russ.).
16. Karamova F.A., Frolova A.K., Zuikova T.G. Features of nicotine addiction and motivation to quit smoking in the elderly. Tyumenskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2014;16(2):50–51 (in Russ.).
17. Taylor D.H., Hasselblad V., Henley S.J. et al. Benefits of smoking cessation for longevity. Am J Public Health. 2002;92:990–996. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.92.6.990.
18. Nash S.H., Liao L.M., Harris T.B., Freedman N.D. Cigarette smoking and mortality in adults aged 70 years and older: results from the NIH-AARP cohort. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(3):276–283. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.036.
19. Thun M.J., Carter B.D., Feskanich D. et al. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(4):351–364. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1211127.
20. Abdullah A.S.M., Ho L.M., Kwan Y.H. et al. Promoting smoking cessation among the elderly: what are the predictors of intention to quit and successful quitting? J Aging Health. 2006;18(4):552–564. DOI: 10.1177/0898264305281104.
21. Brega A.G., Grigsby J., Kooken R. et al. The impact of executive cognitive functioning on rates of smoking cessation in the San Luis Valley Health and Aging Study. Age Ageing. 2008;37(5):521–525. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afn121.
22. Sukhovskaya O.A., Smirnova M.A., Kuznetsova D.N., Kulikov V.D. Sociomedical and psychological factors associated with successful smoking cessation. Profilakticheskaya Meditsina. 2015;18(3):12–16 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/profmed201518312-16.
23. Margolis R. Educational differences in healthy behavior changes and adherence among middle-aged Americans. J Health Soc Behav. 2013;54(3):353–368. DOI: 10.1177/0022146513489312.
24. Koyama S., Tabuchi T., Okawa S. et al. Changes in smoking behavior since the declaration of the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan: a cross-sectional study from the Osaka Health App. J Epidemiol. 2021;31(6):378–386. DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20200533.
25. Kerr S., Watson H., Tolson D. et al. Smoking after the age of 65 years: a qualitative exploration of older current and former smokers’ views on smoking, stopping smoking, and smoking cessation resources and services. Health Soc Care Community. 2006;14:572–582. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2006.00659.x.
26. Twigg L., Moon G., Szatkowski L. et al. Smoking cessation in England: intentionality, anticipated ease of quitting and advice provision. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68:610–619. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.032.
27. Huang Y., Britton J., Hubbard R. et al. Who receives prescriptions for smoking cessation medications? An association rule mining analysis using a large primary care database. Tob Control. 2013;22:274–279. DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050124.
28. Jordan H., Hidajat M., Payne N. et al. What are older smokers’ attitudes to quitting and how are they managed in primary care? An analysis of the cross-sectional English Smoking Toolkit Study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(11):e018150. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018150.
29. Yong H.-H., Borland R., Siahpush M. Quitting-related beliefs, intentions, and motivations of older smokers in four countries: findings from the international tobacco control policy evaluation survey. Addict Behav. 2005;30:777–788. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.023.
30. Gilbert H., Sutton S., Morris R. et al. Effectiveness of personalised risk information and taster sessions to increase the uptake of smoking cessation services (Start2quit): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389:823–833. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32379-0.
31. Fiore M.C., Jaen C.R., Baker T.B. et al. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A US Public Health Service report. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35:158–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.009.
32. National Institute for Health Care Excellence: Smoking: reducing and preventing tobacco use. 2015 (Electronic resource.) URL: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs82 (access date: 06.04.2021).
33. Clinical guidelines. Tobacco dependence syndrome, tobacco withdrawal syndrome in adults. 2018 (Electronic resource.) URL: http://cr.rosminzdrav.ru/#!/recomend/907 (access date: 06.04.2021) (in Russ.).
34. Titova O.N., Sukhovskaya O.A., Kozyrev A.G. et al. Experience of providing medical care in smoking cessation to patients with respiratory diseases. Akademicheskiy zhurnal Zapadnoy Sibiri. 2015;11(3):35–38 (in Russ.).
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