Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis: prevalence, risk factors, and diagnosis

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis: prevalence, risk factors, and diagnosis

I.T. Murkamilov^1,2, V.V. Fomin³, I.S. Sabirov², F.A. Yusupov⁴ 

¹I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek

²First Russian Federation President B.N. Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek

³I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow

⁴Osh State University, Osh

 Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) is a common disease in general medical practice. An increase in life expectancy is associated with an increase in the intake of drugs, including antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The dynamic development of the pharmaceutical industry and widespread use of drugs is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of adverse events, including CTIN. CTIN is a nonspecific, abacterial damage of the interstitial tissue of the medulla of the kidneys with the involvement of the tubules and vessels of the renal stroma. Clinical manifestations of CTIN depend on the etiologic factor and severity of tubular disorders, i.e., moderate proteinuria, hematuria, leukocyturia, decreased urine specific gravity, and polyuria. In CTIN, lesions of the glomerular apparatus are always secondary. This paper describes the prevalence and risk factors for CTIN and discusses the diagnostic relevance of β2-microglobulin and cystatin C urine levels. Studies on the nephrotoxic effects of drugs, including the uncontrolled and long-term use of NSAIDs, are reviewed.

Keywords: tubulointerstitial nephritis, prevalence, risk factors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, β2-microglobulin, cystatin C.

For citation: Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Sabirov I.S., Yusupov F.A. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis: prevalence, risk factors, and diagnosis. RMJ. 2023;8:31–35.