Modern bacteriological agents: the effect on gut microbiota and the role in the treatment of diseases
Raskina K.V.¹, Martynova E.Yu.², Fatkhutdinov I.R.³, Poteshkin Yu.E.<sup>3,4

1</sup> Online peer-reviewed journal “Relevant endocrinology”, Moscow
² Sechenov University, Moscow
³ LLC “Atlas Medical Center”, Moscow
⁴ Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow

Human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not just commensals — the gut microbiota constantly undergoes the process of synbiotic co-evolution with its host. These bacteria perform numerous important functions: they produce various nutrients for the host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate the immunological response. The relationship between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and a variety of diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, etc.) has been proved. Modifying the gut microbiota creates a possibility to effectively influence human health. This is the purpose for which probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are used. The following review presents modern data on their optimal composition, discusses the mechanisms of influence of bacteriological agents on gut microbiota and human health, and also describes the results of studies confirming their effectiveness.

Key words: gut microbiota, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, bacteriological agents, inflammatory bowel disease, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, oligofructose, inulin.
For citation: Raskina K.V., Martynova E.Yu., Fatkhutdinov I.R., Poteshkin Yu.E. Modern bacteriological agents: the effect on gut microbiota and the role in the treatment of diseases // RMJ. 2018. № 5(II). P. 86–91.