A.I. Asmanov¹, N.A. Daikhes², N.D. Pivneva¹, A.O. Gorina¹

¹Yu.I. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow

²National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow

According to Russian and foreign literature, the prevalence of congenital choanal atresia (CCA) is 1 per 5000–8000 newborns. Since the prevalence of CCA is low, the main part of the studies concerning this pathology is based on a small number of follow-ups. This review is devoted to techniques for the patient management with CCA. Despite its low prevalence, CCA is the most common indication for surgical intervention among malformations of the nose and paranasal sinuses in children, since its main manifestation is nasal breathing disorder, which, with bilateral lesions at birth, is manifested by severe asphyxia. It should be noted that unilateral choanal atresia in some cases may not have typical manifestations for a long time and cannot be diagnosed. Timely surgery for the early formation of choanas is one of the necessary conditions for the proper psychophysical development and the prevention of concomitant and combined ENT diseases in children. It is also necessary to take into account the surgery timing, as well as choose the optimal surgery technique to minimize the risk of recurrence. More extensive studies based on a large sample of patients are needed to standardize the patient management with CCA.

Keywords: malformation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, nasal breathing disorder, asphyxia, choanal atresia, pediatrics, endoscopy, choanoplasty.

For citation: Asmanov A.I., Daikhes N.A., Pivneva N.D., Gorina A.O. Congenital choanal atresia in pediatric practice. RMJ. 2024;6:–25.