Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin in children, ways of protection and restoration
Yu.S. Kovaleva, A.A. Vedler, M.A. Kozlova, E.A. Subbotin
Altai State Medical University, Barnaul
The article describes in detail the main functions and morphofunctional features of the skin of children of different age.
A study and comparison of the main morphofunctional parameters of children’s skin and adults were conducted. Physiological and proper skin care is the basis for the prevention of infectious and allergic dermatoses in children. To this end, the use of an ointment or a cream D-Panthenol, which has proven itself in dermatological and pediatric practice due to its significant clinical efficacy and high safety profile in the treatment and prevention of various pathological conditions of the skin, is justified.
Aim: to study and evaluate the morpho-functional characteristics of the skin in children of different age.
Patients and Methods: 38 children of different age from birth to 18 years without skin diseases and concomitant somatic pathology were involved in the study. The comparison group consisted of 15 adult volunteers (average age 24.8±0.9 years), also without skin diseases at the time of examination and in history. The following morphofunctional skin parameters were evaluated in all participants: skin humidity, epidermis keratinization degree, a degree of manifestation of the skin cover relief, pigmentation and oiliness.
Results: in children of different age groups, an increment of the relief, pigmentation, and epidermis keratinization was observed gradually, with each decade of life. A feature of children’s skin was a thinner, imperfect horny layer of the epidermis, compared with adults; the dynamics of its changes are reflected in the index of relief and keratinization, as well as a reduced index of pigmentation and skin oiliness.
Conclusion: taking into account the literature data and the results of the study, we can recommend D-Panthenol cream/ointment as an effective and safe remedy for the protection and prevention of skin damage in children.
Key words: morphofunctional characteristics of the skin, epidermal barrier, children, D-Panthenol.
For citation: Kovaleva Yu.S., Vedler A.A., Kozlova M.A., Subbotin E.A. Morphofunctional characteristics of the skin in children, ways of protection and restoration // RMJ. Medical Review. 2018. № 10. P. 35–39.
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20. Wollina U. Zurklinischenwirksamkeit von dexpanthenol // Kosm Med. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 180–184.
21. Hosemann W., Wigand M.E., Gode U. et al. Normal wound € healing of the paranasal sinuses: clinical and experimental investigations // Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1991. Vol. 248. P. 390–394.
22. Hosemann W., Gode U., Wigand M.E. et al. Experimentelleuntersuchungenzurwunderheilung in den nasennebenhoh // HNO. 1991. Vol. 39. P. 48–54.
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24. Wollina U., Kubicki J. Dexpanthenol supports healing of superficial wounds and injuries // Kosm Med. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 240–249.
25. Marquardt Y., Amann P.M., Heise R. et al. Characterization of a novel standardized human three-dimensional skin wound healing model using non-sequential fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser treatments // Lasers Surg Med. 2015. Vol. 47. P. 257–265.
26. Oguz A., Uslukaya O., Alabalk U. et al. Topical N-acetylcysteine improves wound healing comparable to dexpanthenol: an experimental study // Int Surg. 2015. Vol. 100. P. 656–661.
27. Loden M. Treatments improving skin barrier function // Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016. Vol. 49. P. 112–122.
2. Третнева М.С., Пампура А.Н., Феденко Е.С. и др. Динамика антибиотикорезистентности золотистого стафилококка кожи у детей с атопическим дерматитом // Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии. 2011. № 6(56). С. 98−101 [Tretneva M.S., Pampura A.N., Fedenko Ye.S. i dr. Dinamika antibiotikorezistentnosti zolotistogo stafilokokka kozhi u detey s atopicheskim dermatitom // Ros. vestno. perinatologii i pediatrii. 2011. № 6(56). S. 98−101 (in Russian)].
3. Детская дерматология: справочник / под ред. Д.П. Кроучука, А.Дж. Манчини; пер. с англ. под ред. Н.Г. Короткого. М.: Практическая медицина, 2010. 608 с. [Detskaya dermatologiya: spravochnik / pod red. D.P. Krouchuka, A.Dzh. Manchini; per. s angl. pod red. N. G. Korotkiy. M.: Prakticheskaya meditsina, 2010. 608 s. (in Russian)].
4. Stuttgen G., Krause H. Die percutane absorption von Tritium- € markiertempanthenolbei mensch und tier // Arch KlinExpDerm. 1960. Vol. 209. P. 578–582.
5. Proksch E., Jensen J.M., Dexpanthenol. In Barel A.O., Paye M., Maibach H.I., ed. Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. 2nd ed. New York, London: Taylor and Francis Group, 2006. Р. 399–406.
6. Тамразова О.Б., Касьянова А.Н., Заплатников А.Л. Особенности ухода за кожей при дерматозах у детей раннего возраста // РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2018. № 2. С. 1–6 [Tamrazova O.B., Kas’yanova A.N., Zaplatnikov A.L. Osobennosti ukhoda za kozhey pri dermatozakh u detey rannego vozrasta // RMZH. Meditsinskoye obozreniye. 2018. № 2. S. 1–6 (in Russian)].
7. Grice E.A., Kong H.H., Conlan S. et al. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome // Science. 2009. Vol. 324. P. 1190–1192. DOI: 10.1126/science.1171700.
8. Pammi M., O’Brien J.L., Ajami N. J. et al. Development of the cutaneous microbiome in the preterm infant: A prospective longitudinal study // PLoS One. 2017. Vol. 12(4). e0176669. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176669.
9. Hoffjan S., Stemmler S. On the Role of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex in Ichthyosis Vulgaris, Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis // Br. J. Dermatol. 2007. Vol. 157(3). P. 441−449.
10. Serge J.A. Epidermal barrier formation and recovery in skin disorders // J. Clin. Invest. 2006. Vol. 116. P. 1150−1158.
11. Родионов А.Н. Сухая кожа. Дерматокосметология. Поражения кожи лица и слизистых. Диагностика, лечение и профилактика. СПб.: Наука и техника, 2011. 911 с. [Rodionov A.N. Sukhaya kozha. Dermatokosmetologiya. Porazheniya kozhi litsa i slizistykh. Diagnostika, lecheniye i profilaktika. SPb.: Nauka i tekhnika, 2011. 911 s. (in Russian)].
12. Юсупова Л.А. Сухая кожа: современный взгляд клинициста // Медико-фармацевтический вестник Поволжья. 2013. № 4. C. 13–14 [Yusupova L.A. Sukhaya kozha: sovremennyy vzglyad klinitsista // Mediko-farmatsevticheskiy vestnik Povolzh’ya. 2013. № 4. S. 13−14 (in Russian)].
13. Шливко И.Л., Петрова Г.А., Эллинский Д.О., Зорькина М.В., Чекалкина О.Е., Фирсова М.С. Влияние локальной увлажняющей терапии на морфофункциональные характеристики кожи // Клинич. дерматология и венерология. 2011. № 1. С. 34−40 [Shlivko I.L., Petrova G.A., Ellinskiy D.O., Zor’kina M.V., Chekalkina O.Ye., Firsova M.S. Vliyaniye lokal’noy uvlazhnyayushchey terapii na morfofunktsional’nyye kharakteristiki kozhi // Klinich. dermatologiya i venerologiya. 2011. № 1. S. 34−40 (in Russian)].
14. Stuttgen G., Krause H. Die percutane Absorption von tritium-markiertem. Panthenol bei Mensch und Tier // Arch KlinExpDerm. 1960. Vol. 209. P. 578–582.
15. Wollina U., Kubicki J. Multiaktiveeigenschaften von dexpanthenol-haltigenexterna // Kosm Med. 2007. Vol. 2. P. 14–18.
16. Abiko Y., Tomikawa M., Shimizu M. Enzymatic conversion of pantothenylalcohol to pantothenic acid // J Vitaminol (Kyoto). 1969. Vol. 15. P. 59–69.
17. Proksch E., Holleran W.M., Menon G.K. et al. Barrier function regulates epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis // Br J Dermatol. 1993. Vol. 128. P. 473–482.
18. Slyshenkov V. S., Rakowska M., Moiseenok A.G., Wojtczak L. Pantothenic acid and its derivatives protect Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against lipid peroxidation // Free RadicBiol Med. 1995. Vol. 19. P. 767–772.
19. Proksch E., Nissen H.P. Dexpanthenol enhances skin barrier repair and reduces inflammation after sodium lauryl sulphate-induced irritation // J Dermatolog Treat. 2002. Vol. 13. P. 173–178.
20. Wollina U. Zurklinischenwirksamkeit von dexpanthenol // Kosm Med. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 180–184.
21. Hosemann W., Wigand M.E., Gode U. et al. Normal wound € healing of the paranasal sinuses: clinical and experimental investigations // Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1991. Vol. 248. P. 390–394.
22. Hosemann W., Gode U., Wigand M.E. et al. Experimentelleuntersuchungenzurwunderheilung in den nasennebenhoh // HNO. 1991. Vol. 39. P. 48–54.
23. Weimann B.I., Hermann D. Studies on wound healing: effects of calcium D-pantothenate on the migration, proliferation and protein synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts in culture // Int J VitamNutr Res. 1999. Vol. 69. P. 113–119.
24. Wollina U., Kubicki J. Dexpanthenol supports healing of superficial wounds and injuries // Kosm Med. 2006. Vol. 27. P. 240–249.
25. Marquardt Y., Amann P.M., Heise R. et al. Characterization of a novel standardized human three-dimensional skin wound healing model using non-sequential fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser treatments // Lasers Surg Med. 2015. Vol. 47. P. 257–265.
26. Oguz A., Uslukaya O., Alabalk U. et al. Topical N-acetylcysteine improves wound healing comparable to dexpanthenol: an experimental study // Int Surg. 2015. Vol. 100. P. 656–661.
27. Loden M. Treatments improving skin barrier function // Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016. Vol. 49. P. 112–122.
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