Early gastric cancer: clinical case
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-6-334-340
O.A. Malikhova1,2, V.E. Ryabova1, V.V. Lozovaya1, A.O. Tumanyan1, M.A. Krylovetskaya1, Z.V. Halaev3
1N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
3"Medical Company" LLC, Grozny, Russian Federation
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of malignant neoplasms in Russia and worldwide. In recent decades, GC incidence and mortality have been declining. However, gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, facilitating further improvements of GC diagnostics and treatment. As known, early gastric cancer is a tumor limited to the gastric mucosa or the submucosal layer of the stomach wall. The detection of early-stage GC is the goal of screening programs. The rapid development of endoscopic technologies and the introduction of the ZOOM endoscopy and narrow-band imaging for precise diagnostics have dramatically improved the quality and effectiveness of patient examinations. These advances have underpinned the increased detection of early gastric cancer. Early gastric cancer can be completely cured. Until recently, the gold standard treatment for GC, including its early stages, was radical resection and gastrectomy. This treatment approach is fully justified and ideal from the perspective of oncology. At the same time, it is associated with postoperative complications and deaths, as well as with a substantial decrease in the quality of life in long term GC survivors. Latest endoscopic technologies enable to perform organ-preserving operations in patients with early GC. As a result, it is possible to reduce dramatically the probability of postoperative complications and to improve the quality of life of patients. As of today, the optimization of endoscopic techniques for the treatment of early GC, as well as the search and implementation of new techniques are considered as the most important issues. The article presents a review of key endoscopic methods used for diagnosis and treatment of GC and a clinical case of a patient with early subcardial stomach cancer.
Keywords: oncology, gastric cancer, early gastric cancer, dysplastic changes in the stomach mucosa, endoscopy, endoscopic diagnostics, endoscopic resection, OVESCO.
For citation: Malikhova O.A., Ryabova V.E., Lozovaya V.V. et al. Early gastric cancer: clinical case. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(6):334–340 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-6-334-340.
About the authors:
Olga A. Malikhova — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Head of Department of Endoscopy of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; 23, Kashirskoe road, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation; Professor, Department of Oncology and Palliative medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; 2/1, Barrikadnaya str., Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0003-0829-7809.
Veronika E. Ryabova — endoscopist, Department of Endoscopy of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; 23, Kashirskoe road, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0003-2904-0527.
Valeriya V. Lozovaya — endoscopist, Department of Endoscopy of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; 23, Kashirskoe road, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-6262-7763.
Armen O. Tumanyan — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, endoscopist, Department of Endoscopy of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; 23, Kashirskoe road, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-5863-5197.
Maria A. Krylovetskaya — endoscopist, Department of Endoscopy of the N.N. Trapeznikov Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; 23, Kashirskoe road, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-0868-3948.
Zalimhan V. Halaev — Head of Department of Endoscopy, "Medical Company" LLC; 25a, S.Sh. Lorasanov str., Grozny, 364047, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0003-0688-2879.
Contact information: Veronika E. Ryabova, e-mail: veronika-zhorova@mail.ru.
Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned.
There is no conflict of interests.
Received 21.03.2022.
Revised 13.04.2022.
Accepted 12.05.2022.
2. Grinkevich M.V. Endoscopic mucosal resection with dissection in the submucosal layer in the treatment of early gastric cancer: thesis. SPb.; 2017 (in Russ.).
3. Simonov N.N., Myaukina L.M., Filin A.V. Problems of diagnosis and rational treatment of early gastric cancer (TISN0M0 and T1N0M0). Practical oncology. 2001;3(7):25–29 (in Russ.).
4. Fyodorov E.D., Plakhov R.V., Ivanova E.V. et al. Comparative assessment of short-term results of endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection during removal of surface epithelial stomach and duodenum neoplasms. Pacific Medical Journal. 2011;(4):37–40 (in Russ.).
5. Buntseva O.A., Galkova Z.V., Plakhov R.V. et al. Modern endoscopic diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers of the stomach and colon using computer decision support systems. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2014;(10):88–96 (in Russ.). PMID: 25911938.
6. Kuvaev R.O., Kashin S.V., Nikonov E.L. et al. Early stomach cancer: the modern methods for screening, endoscopic diagnostics, and minimally invasive treatment. Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2014;3(3):44–51 (in Russ.).
7. Asano M. Endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgical treatment for gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;4(10):438–447. DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v4.i10.438.
8. Malihova O.A., Perfil’ev I.B., Delektorskaya V.V. et al. Possibilities of endoscopic treatment of patients with multiple carcinoids and primary multiple early gastric cancer. Vestnik Moskovskogo onkologicheskogo obshchestva. 2011;11(582) (in Russ.).
9. The clinical guidelines "Gastric cancer". Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2020. (Electronic resource.) URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/574_1 (access date: 21.04.2022) (in Russ.).
10. Davydov M.I., Ter-Ovanesov M.D. Modern strategy of surgical treatment of gastric cancer. Modern oncology. 2000;2(1):4–10 (in Russ.).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License.
