Carotenoids in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration: a drug delivery system does matter
DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-60-65
M.L. Maksimov1–3, J.G. Oganezova3,4, I.D. Kanner5, A.A. Voznesenskaya6
1Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russian Federation
2Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
3Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
4Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
5Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
6National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness worldwide for people over age 60. By 2040, the number of people living with macular degeneration is expected to reach 288 million due to the exponential acceleration of population aging. A decline in visual functions caused by AMD has a significant economic impact in all countries. Besides aging, there are other multiple heterogenic risk factors associated with AMD: gender, environmental condition, lifestyle, genetic characteristics, chronic inflammatory processes in the human body, level of education, etc. It is important for the ophthalmologist to be aware of modifiable risk factors and thus to collect a comprehensive medical history, interact with patients using motivational interviewing and to involve promptly other healthcare specialists into the patient management strategy. Etiopathogenesis of AMD is still not entirely understood. However, it is known that the major pathways include age-related alterations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, oxidative stress, dysregulated lipid metabolism, inflammation, hemodynamic changes, and neovascularization. Carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are natural compounds with a proven efficacy in reducing AMD progression, which have been demonstrated to act as medications for patients with early AMD stages. The micro-encapsulated formula offers such an advantage as gradual and controlled release of active substances.
Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, risk factors, etiopathogenesis, carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, microcapsules.
For citation: Maksimov M.L., Oganezova J.G., Kanner I.D., Voznesenskaya A.A. Carotenoids in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration: a drug delivery system does matter. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(1):60–65 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-1-60-65.
About the authors:
Maksim L. Maksimov — Dr. Sc. (Med.), chief external expert — clinical pharmacologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan; Head of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; 36, Butlerov str., Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Pharmacology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; 1, Ostrovityanov str., Moscow, 117437, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-8979-8084.
Janna G. Oganezova — C. Sc. (Med.), associate professor of the Academician A.P. Nesterov Department of Ophthalmology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; 1, Ostrovityanov str., Moscow, 117437, Russian Federation; associate professor of Department of Ophthalmogenetics of the Institute of Higher and Additional Professional Education, Research Center for Medical Genetics; 1, Moskvorechye str., Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-4437-9070.
Il'ya D. Kanner — 5-grade student of Lomonosov Moscow State University; 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0003-4632-0547.
Anastasiya A. Voznesenskaya — resident, National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology; 11, Dmitriy Ul'yanov str., Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-8838-8908.
Contact information: Janna G. Oganezova, e-mail: jannaogan@gmail.com.
Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned.
There is no conflict of interests.
Received 12.12.2022.
Revised 09.01.2023.
Accepted 31.01.2023.
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