Potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of Alzheimer’s disease

G.R. Bikbavova, S.I. Lopata, M.B. Kidalov, V.A. Akhmedov

Omsk State Medical University, Omsk

Over the past 10 years, leading experts in the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis have suggested that immune-mediated systemic inflammatory responses may play a leading role in AD development. We have summarized the literature data on the potential impact of gut microbiota disorders on AD development. Publications from GoogleSchoolar and PubMed resources were used in this study. It is known that some gut microflora representatives produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a neuroprotective function and can inhibit immune-inflammatory responses, as well as participate in the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells. The gut microbiota participates in the synthesis of serotonin, which plays a crucial role in the processes of learning, memory formation, and higher cognitive functions that are affected in AD. A low amount of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduces the amount of GABA and serotonin in the intestine and central nervous system, which can mediate the launch of a systemic inflammatory response cascade and impaired higher cognitive functions. Lactobacillus among the metabolic products produces 3- (3’-hydroxyphenyl) —propionic acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, which can inhibit the assembly of β-amyloid from the protein precursor. Therefore, the maintenance of Lactobacillus physiological function can play a key role in AD prevention.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid cascade, gut microbiota, microbiome, dysbiotic processes, antibiotic therapy, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

For citation: Bikbavova G.R., Lopata S.I., Kidalov M.B., Akhmedov V.A. Potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. RMJ. 2021;6:93–95 (in Russ.).