Cognitive deteriorations and vascular dementia
Maksimova M.Yu., Piradov M.A.

Scientific Center of Neurology, Moscow

Cognitive deterioration may occur in different cerebrovascular pathologies, mostly of ischemic and hypoxic nature. Vascular dementia is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive function, memory loss for the past and current events, slowing of mental processes. The diagnosis of vascular dementia is confirmed by a number of clinical, medical history, and neuroimaging data: focal neurological symptoms, numerous medium and small infarcts of the brain, leukoaraiosis, heterogeneity of cognitive impairments, etc. The symptoms often associated with vascular dementia include: pyramidal insufficiency, postural instability, frontal dysbasia gait, pelvic disorders, visual field defects, etc.
There is hardly a universal neuroprotective agent, used for cognitive impairment and vascular dementia. Therefore, the more perspective approach is a combined, but individually oriented long-term neuroprotective therapy and therapeutic cooperation of the patient with the doctor (to improve adherence to treatment). To improve memory and cognitive functions Cereton (choline alfoscerate), Memanthal (memantine), Neurox (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate), Neupilept (citicoline) can be used. The article presents an algorithm of neuroprotective therapy for vascular dementia, depending on the severity of the desease.

Key words: cognitive deterioration, memory loss, vascular dementia, neuroprotective therapy, memantine, citicoline, choline-containing drugs.
For citation: Maksimova M.Yu., Piradov M.A. Cognitive deteriorations and vascular dementia // RMJ.  2017. № 14. P. 1000–1004.