Resynchronization therapy in end-stage heart failure
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-206-211
D.V. Shumakov, D.I. Zybin, M.A. Popov, V.V. Dontsov, E.G. Agafonov
M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute,
Moscow, Russian Federation
Heart failure (HF) is a common condition, and its overall prevalence is constantly growing. HF ultimately progresses to end-stage disease that is refractory to optimal medical therapy and requires implantable devices or heart transplant. In recent years, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been generally accepted in patients with NYHA class III or IV, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 35%), and the wide QRS complex (>120 msec). CRT improves the efficacy of heart ventricle function and, as a result, physical performance and quality of life. Reverse cardiac remodeling occurs at a pathophysiological level that improves systolic function. Patients with end-stage HF who are on the heart transplant list are a specific group in whom CRT is considered a “bridge” to surgery. This review paper discusses state-of-the-art, advances, and unresolved issues in this area.
Keywords: cardiac resynchronization therapy, heart failure, left ventr icular remodeling, ejection fraction, heart transplant.
For citation: Shumakov D.V., Zybin D.I., Popov M.A. et al. Resynchronization therapy in end-stage heart failure. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(4):206–211 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-4-206-211.
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3. Grines C.L., Bashore T.M., Boudoulas H. et al. Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block: the effect of interventricular asynchrony. Circulation. 1989;79:845–853. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.79.4.845.
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6. Leyva F., Nisam S., Auricchio A. 20 years of cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(10):1047–1058. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1178.
7. Ruschitzka F., Abraham W.T., Singh J.P. et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(15):1395–1405. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306687.
8. Yu C.M., Bleeker G.B., Fung J.W. et al. Left ventricular reverse remodeling but not clinical improvement predicts long-term survival after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circulation. 2005;112(11):1580–1586. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.538272.
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11. Knuuti J., Wijns W., Saraste A. et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(3):407-477. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425.
12. Gulati A., Jabbour A., Ismail T.F. et al. Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2013;309(9):896-908. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.1363.
13. Priori S.G., Blomström-Lundqvist C., Mazzanti A. et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Europace. 2015;17(11):1601–1687. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv319.
14. Van Bommel R.J., van Rijnsoever E., Borleffs C.J. et al. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with New York Heart Association functional class IV heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(8):1146–1151. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.06.025.
15. Lindenfeld J., Feldman A.M., Saxon L. et al. Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator on survival and hospitalizations in patients with New York Heart Association class IV heart failure. Circulation. 2007;115(2):204–212. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.629261.
16. Сабитов Е.Т., Дюсупов А.А., Абдрахманов А.С. и др. Ресинхронизирующая терапия при хронической сердечной недостаточности: диагностические и лечебные подходы. Кардиология. 2019;59(12):84–91. [Sabitov E.T., Dyusupov A.A., Abdrakhmanov A.S. et al. Resynchronization therapy for chronic heart failure: diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Kardiologiya. 2019;59(12):84–91 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.12.n391.
17. Hsu J.C., Solomon S.D., Bourgoun M. et al. Predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy and associated improvement in clinical outcome: the MADIT-CRT (multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial with cardiac resynchronization therapy) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(25):2366–2373. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.065.
18. Cleland J.G., Abraham W.T., Linde C. et al. An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(46):3547–3556. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht290.
19. Trucco E., Tolosana J.M., Arbelo E. et al. Improvement of Reverse Remodeling Using Electrocardiogram Fusion-Optimized Intervals in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Randomized Study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4(2):181–189. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.11.020.
20. Gold M.R., Birgersdotter-Green U., Singh J.P. et al. The relationship between ventricular electrical delay and left ventricular remodelling with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(20):2516–2524. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr329.
21. Uchmanowicz I., Pikul D., Jankowska-Polańska B. et al. Ocena jakości życia pacjentów po terapii CRT-P i implementacji kardiowertera–defibrylatora (urządzenia do terapii resynchronizacyjnej serca) w zależności od wieku. Współczesne Pielęgniarstwo i Ochrona Zdrowia. 2014;2:34–40.
22. Abraham W.T., Smith S.A. Devices in the management of advanced, chronic heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2013;10(2):98–110. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.178.
23. Tang A.S., Wells G.A., Talajic M. et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(25):2385–2395. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009540.
24. Van Tosh A., Votaw J.R., Cooke C.D. et al. Relationships between left ventricular asynchrony and myocardial blood flow. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(1):43–52. DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0270-9.
25. Ruschitzka F., Abraham W.T., Singh J.P. et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(15):1395–1405. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306687.
26. Beshai J.F., Grimm R.A., Nagueh S.F. et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(24):2461–2471. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0706695.
27. Zareba W., Klein H., Cygankiewicz I. et al. Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation. 2011;123(10):1061–1072. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898.
28. Grayburn P.A., Sannino A., Packer M. Proportionate and Disproportionate Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A New Conceptual Framework That Reconciles the Results of the MITRA-FR and COAPT Trials. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12(2):353–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.11.006.
29. Goldstein D., Moskowitz A.J., Gelijns A.C. et al. Two-Year Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(4):344–353. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1512913.
30. Bertrand P.B., Schwammenthal E., Levine R.A., Vandervoort P.M. Exercise Dynamics in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. Circulation. 2017;135(3):297–314. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025260.
31. Boriani G., Gasparini M., Landolina M. et al. Impact of mitral regurgitation on the outcome of patients treated with CRT-D: data from the InSync ICD Italian Registry. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35(2):146–154. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03280.x.
32. Verhaert D., Popović Z.B., De S. et al. Impact of mitral regurgitation on reverse remodeling and outcome in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(1):21–26. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.966580.
33. Nemutlu E., Zhang S., Xu Y.Z. et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy induces adaptive metabolic transitions in the metabolomic profile of heart failure. J Card Fail. 2015;21(6):460–469. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.04.005.
34. Stolen C.M., Adourian A., Meyer T.E. et al. Plasma galectin-3 and heart failure outcomes in MADIT-CRT (multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial with cardiac resynchronization therapy). J Card Fail. 2014;20(11):793–799. DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.07.018.
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