Hypertensive crisis at the prehospital stage: patient management algorithm
Filippova O.V.

Sechenov University, Moscow

The article discusses the treatment of hypertensive crisis at the prehospital stage. The uncomplicated hypertensive crisis can be treated on the out-patient basis; for this purpose various oral preparations can be prescribed, taking into account contraindications to their use. The pressure should be decreased gradually, by 20-25% compared to the initial value during 2-6 hours with the subsequent achievement of the target BP within 24-48 hours. The drug of the first choice can be captopril (for example, the well-known orginal preparation Kapoten), which has wide indications for use and a relatively small number of restrictions. In the absence of contraindications, nifedipine or moxonidine may be used as an alternative. However, nifedipine has a pronounced proarrhythmic effect, and therefore is not suitable for some patients. Moxonidine acts long and is characterized by a late onset of action, which causes a slow onset of its effect, and also increases the risk of uncontrolled hypotensive reaction leading to destabilization of hemodynamics, and has a number of negative side effects from the central nervous system. For the treatment of hypertensive crisis, a short course of beta-blocker may be prescribed to the patients with tachycardia and expressed vegetative manifestations. To relief the crisis against the background of heart failure and edema, furosemide may be used. After relief of the hypertensive crisis, it is necessary to select or adjust a constant antihypertensive therapy.

Key words: hypertension, hypertensive crisis, cardiovascular diseases, antihypertensive drugs, captopril, Kapoten, nifedipine, beta-blockers.
For citation: Filippova O.V. Hypertensive crisis at the prehospital stage: patient management algorithm // RMJ. 2018. № 1(II). P. 76–81.