Current ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias — rosuvastatin clinical studies
A.V. Susekov
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are a fundamental drug class for atherosclerosis and its complications prevention and treatment. The article deals with the “GALAXY” international program aspects within the framework of the latest European Guidelines and with the main rosuvastatin study results in Russian routine clinical practice. Current “FOURIER, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES” studies have confirmed the statin moderate and high dosages’ safety. In 2018, a new European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus was published, in which experts summarized data on the statin therapy safety for liver, kidneys, glucose metabolism, cognitive function, and hemorrhagic stroke and cataract risks. The residual risk associated with inadequate statin therapy in our country is approximately 90% and has not changed much in recent years. Statin therapy optimization in high-risk patients is a domestic medicine’s high priority task to further reduce cardiovascular mortality and increase life expectancy in our country. In recent years, new classes of lipid-lowering agents have been actively registered in the Russian Federation. However, today there is no alternative to adequate statin treatment in the population either in the world or in our country.
Keywords: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, safety, rosuvastatin, Crestor.
For citation: Susekov A.V. Current ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias — rosuvastatin clinical studies. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;1(II):93–98.
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15. Olechnowicz-Tietz S., Gluba A., Banach M. et al. The risk of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2013;45:1605‒1612.
16. Gansevoort R.T., Correa-Rotter R., Hemmelgarn B.R. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention. Lancet. 2013;382:339‒352.
17. Matsushita K., van der Velder M., Astor B.C. et al. Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:2073‒2081.
18. Barry R., James M.T. Guidelines for classification of acute kidney disease and disorders. Nephron. 2015;131:221‒226.
19. KDOQI™ Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for Diabetes in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Kid Dis. 2007;49(2):S12–154.
20. Loncar G., Barthelemy O., Berman E. et al. Impact of renal failure on all-cause mortality and other outcomes in patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;108;554‒562.
21. Lancquaniti A., Boliqnano D., Donato V. et al. Alterations of lipid metabolism in chronic nephropathies: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Kid Blood Res. 2010;33(2):100‒110. DOI: 10.1159/000302712.
22. Tonelli M., Wanner C., Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. Lipid management in chronic kidney disease:synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global outcomes 2013 clinical practice guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(3):182. DOI: 10.7326/M13-2453.
23. De Zeeuw D., Anzalone D.A., Cain V.A. et al. Renal effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with diabetes who have progressive renal disease (PLANET I): a randomized clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrin. 2015;3(3):181‒190. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70246-3.
24. Faergeman O., Hill L., Windler E. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin when force-titrated in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: results from the ECLIPSE study. Cardiology. 2008;111(4):219‒228. DOI: 10.1159/000127442.
25. Sidaway J.E., Davidson R.G., McTaggart F. et al. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase receptor-mediated endocytosis in opossum kidney cells. J Am Nephrol. 2004;15:2258‒2265.
26. Blazing M.A., Giugliano R.P., de Lemos J.A. et al. On-treatment analysis of the Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT). Am Heart J. 2016;182:89‒96. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.09.004.
27. Fellstrom B., Jardine A., Schmieder R. et al. Rosuvastatin and Cardiovascular Events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1395‒407.
28. Su X., Zhang L., Lv L. et al. Effect of statins on kidney disease outcomes: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Disease. 2016: 67:881‒892.
29. Amarenco P., Labreuche J., Lavallee P. et al. Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systemic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke 2004;35:2902‒2909.
30. Inzitari D., Eliasziw M., Gates P. et al. The causes and risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic internal-carotid-artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1693–700.
31. Schwartz G.G., Olsson A.G., Ezekowitz M.D. et al. Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study Investigators Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285(13):1711–1718.
32. LaRosa J.C., Grundy S.M., Waters D.D. et al. Treating to New Targets (TNT) Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(14):1425‒1435.
33. Ridker P.M., Danielson E., Fonseca F.A. et al. JUPITER Study Group. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(21):2195‒2207. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807646.
34. Young-Xu Y., Jabbour S., Goldberg R. et al. Usefulness of statin drugs in protecting against atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(12):1379‒1383.
35. Ozaydin M., Varol E., Aslan S.M. Еffect of atorvastatin on the recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(10):1490‒1493.
36. Loffredo L., Angelico F., Perri L., Violi F. Upstream therapy with statin and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion. Review of the literature and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:107. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-107.
37. Wolozin B., Wang S.W., Li N.C. et al. Simvastatin is associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and Parkinson’s disease. BMC Med. 2007;5:20.
38. Wang Q., Yan J., Chen X. et al. Statins: multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Neurol. 2011;230(1):27‒34. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.04.006.
39. Arnaud C., Veillard N.R., Mach F. et al. Cholesterol-independent effects of statins in inflammation, immunomodulation and atherosclerosis. Curr Drug Targets Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 2005:5(2):127–134.
40. Thongtang N., Diffenderfer M.R., Ooi E.M. et al. Effects of atorvastatin on human C-reactive protein metabolism. Atherosclerosis. 2013;226(2):466‒470. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis. 2012.11.012.
41. Tsai N.W., Lee L.H., Huang C.R. et al. The association of statin therapy and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level for predicting clinical outcome in acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Clin Chim Acta. 2012;413(23‒24):1861‒1865. DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.07.021.
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