Neonatal birth injuries, the problem of obstetrics and neonatology
Maiseenko D.A.¹, Polonskaya O.V.<sup>2

1</sup> Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky 
² Maternity hospital, City Clinical Hospital №20 named after I.S. Berzon, Krasnoyarsk

Background. Birth injury takes 26.3 -41.9% in the structure of neonatal morbidity and 37.9% - of dead full-term newborns. Perinatal nervous system lesions lead to disability in 35 - 40% of cases due to mechanical damages and cerebral hemodynamics disorders. Birth injuries are treated differently according to the  type and severity of damage.
Objective: to determine birth injury structure in our clinic and to identify main risk factors of its formation.
Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of 132 clinical records of newborns with birth injury, who were born in 2013in maternity hospital of City Clinical Hospital №20 named after I.S. Berzon was conducted.
Results. 132 children were born with birth injury, (10,1%). Most frequent birth injuries are birth skull defects - cephalohematoma in 65 (49.3%) infants, fractured clavicle - 31 (23.5%), injury of central and peripheral nervous system (Erb's palsy  in 4 ( 3%) and damage of cervical vertebrae in 17 (12.8%); combined birth injury in 15 (11.4%). Four infants (10.5%) were born by  cesarean section and 118 infants were born vaginally. The total number of full-term births was 128 (97.4%),  premature births - 4 (2.6%). The analysis of clinical records of women who gave birth to infants with birth injury, revealed most common pregnancy complications: preeclampsia - in 34 (26%), narrow pelvis - in 7 (5.3%), high birth weight - in 59 (44.7%).
Conclusions. Main risk factors, influencing the formation of birth injury, are such pregnancy complications as high birth weight, preeclampsia as well as some complications during delivery (premature rupture of membranes, labor anomaly, birth biomechanism disorder.

Key words: birth injury, cephalohematoma, cerebral palsy, fractured clavicle, preeclampsia.

For citation: Maiseenko D.A., Polonskaya O.V. Neonatal birth injuries, the problem of obstetrics and neonatology // RMJ. 2016. № 15. P. 998–1000.