Mastopathy and breast cancer prevention as interdisciplinary problem
Kerchelaeva S.B.¹, Smetnik A.A.², Bespalov V.G.<sup>3

1</sup> Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
² Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov, Moscow
³ Research Institute of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov, St.-Petersburg

The paper addresses the problem of mastopathy and the risk of breast cancer (BC) from the position of three specialists: obstetrician and gynecologist, endocrinologist and oncologist.
The data on mastopathy and BC epidemiology; population risks for BC; causes, predisposing to mastopathy and BC, and risk factors for BA is provided. The concept of mastopathy and mastalgia is discussed.  Clinical symptoms, methods of physical examination for non-cancerous (benign) breast conditions , including palpation of breast and  regional lymph nodes, are provided. The paper presents breast screening program proposed  by International Federation of Fertility Societies. Instrumental diagnostic methods include mammography, ultrasound, puncture of nodules and suspicious sites, punctate cytology.
Special attention is paid to hormonal imbalance, since breast is not just the target organ for a large number of hormones (especially sex hormones) and growth factors, but a local place for sex hormones' biosynthesis and metabolism.
The paper explains the importance of morphological examination of breast tissue in women with suspected  BC and  gives examples of precancerous conditions' histology. Mechanisms of action of pathogenic therapy are discussed with focus on some drugs.

Key words: mastopathy, breast cancer,  postmenopause, hyperestrogenemia, Mamoklam.

For citation: Kerchelaeva S.B., Smetnik A.A., Bespalov V.G. Mastopathy and breast cancer prevention as interdisciplinary problem // RMJ. 2016. № 15. P. 1018–1025.