Premorbid conditions and diseases in women of different age groups
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2025-9-9-11
I.V. Kochetkova
N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Background: the concept of predisease opens new horizons for geriatrics, enabling a proactive approach to the health of elderly patients. Rather than passively awaiting the manifestation of disease, this paradigm allows for active intervention in the trajectory of aging, shifting the focus from treating consequences to preventing their occurrence. Such a transformation necessitates that geriatric specialist possess not only a deep understanding of the physiology of aging and associated risk factors, but also the ability to build trustful relationships with patients, motivating them towards sustainable lifestyle changes and adherence to preventive interventions.
Aim: to conduct a clinic and social study of female patients with antecedent diseases and conditions amenable to inclusion in gerontological preventive programs. The study sought to identify the age at onset of predisease states and overt diseases, as well as to examine the associa between biological and chronological age at the time of manifestation.
Materials and Methods: the study involved female patients aged 40 to 70 years, subdivided into the following age groups: 40–44 years (n=102), 45–49 years (n=104), 50–54 years (n=101), 55–59 years (n=108), 60–64 years (n=105), 65–69 years (n=103), and 70 years and older (n=104). Assessed parameters included somatic health characteristics (anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, complete blood count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, biochemical indices, estimated glomerular filtration rate), echocardiography and cardiac function (as evaluated by the "Cardiovisor" system), average weighted rhythmogram variability (AWV), pharmacotherapy, musculoskeletal parameters (Clinical Frailty Scale, Katz Index, SARC-F questionnaire, bioimpedance analysis), sensory system indices (ophthalmologic examination), cognitive status (MMSE), psychological status (Beck Depression Inventory, Asthenic State Scale), and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA).
Results: the data presented demonstrate a complex and heterogeneous pattern of age-related impacts on women's health. With increasing age, a trend towards declining health status was observed (40–44 years: 3%, 50–54 years: -8%, 65–69 years: 0%). The prevalence of glaucoma and cataract rises with age (from age 55: 5% glaucoma, 6% cataract; by age 70: 36% and 12%, respectively). Hypertension detection rates increase steadily with age (40–44 years: 6%, 45–49 years: 15%, 50–54 years: 31%, 70+ years: 64%). Clinically overt chronic heart failure appeared from 50–54 years (3%), rising to 49% among those aged 60–64 years. Obesity prevalence also increased markedly with age (40–44 years: 8%; 65–69 years: 62%). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus escalated with age (by 55–59 years, 27% in women with obesity; by 60–64 years, 59%). A rise in the incidence of asthenia and depression with age was also documented (40–44 years: 5% and 9%, respectively; 70+ years: 66% for both conditions). Presarcopenia and sarcopenia were identified in 28.84% and 25% of women aged 70 and older, respectively.
Conclusion: this study provides new insights into the mechanisms of aging and its influence on the health status of mature women. The identified critical periods and risk factors lay a robust foundation for developing innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. A personalized approach, emphasizing assessment of biological age and individual characteristics, is central to slowing the pace of aging and preventing age-associated diseases. The integration of such programs into clinical practice can not only extend active longevity, but also significantly improve the quality of life for women, ensuring healthy and fulfilling aging.
Keywords: domains, predisease, women, preventive geriatrics.
For citation: Kochetkova I.V. Premorbid conditions and diseases in women of different age groups. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2025;9(9):614–621 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2025-9-9-11
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