Modern views on the gut microbiota role in intestinal pathology

O.V. Gaus, D.G. Belyakov

Omsk State Medical University, Omsk

Association between the gut microbiota and human health is generally recognized. The emergence of molecular and genetic diagnostic methods has made it possible to make revolutionary discoveries in the field of studying the gastrointestinal tract microbiome. The article describes the characteristics of gastrointestinal tract colonization, depending on the type of delivery and feeding features. The article also shows the diet role in the formation of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the gut microbiota. Current information on the microbiota role in the pathogenesis of functional and organic intestinal diseases (irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer) is presented. Special attention is paid to the gut microbiota impact on the risk of development and the nature of the COVID-19 course, which is currently under the close attention of researchers worldwide. It is noted that dysbiotic changes with an increase in the relative number of co nditionally pathogenic bacteria and pathobionts (during a decrease in the useful representatives proportion of the commensal microbiota) persisted even after complete recovery of patients. Modern methods concerning correcting the gut microbiota composition with an emphasis on the use of prebiotics are also presented.

Keywords: gut microbiota, microbiome, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, COVID-19, prebiotic, dietary fibers, OptiFibre.

For citation: Gaus O.V., Belyakov D.G. Modern views on the gut microbiota role in intestinal pathology. RMJ. 2021;4:10–16.