Nutritional support goals in the preoperative period

N.G. Arykan¹, A.E. Shestopalov², A.E.Mitichkin¹, O.A Varnavin¹, V.S. Vasin¹, V.A. Lapin¹, G.F. Kayupova¹

¹City Clinical Hospital named after F.I. Inozemtsev, Moscow

²Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow

Nutritional deficiency is a subacute or chronic lack of nutrient substrates that leads to functioning disorders of systems and organs (cognitive impairment; immune response weakening; impaired muscle function, including respiratory), which affects the patient’s life quality and survival after surgery. According to the literature data, up to 61% of patients in surgical departments have nutritional deficiency already upon admission to the hospital. Nutritional deficiency in surgical patients is due to decreased appetite, dysphagia, disorders of digestion and nutrient absorption in gastrointestinal tract diseases, as well as due to socio-economic reasons. Nutritional deficiency in surgical patients is one of the factors determining the disease severity. A number of studies have shown that nutritional deficiency is a risk factor for complications and adverse outcomes in the postoperative period.  This article discusses the diagnosis of nutritional deficiency. The authors substantiate the need to include the patient nutritional condition assessment in the preoperative examination plan. The authors also consider modern methods of nutritional deficiency correction at the stage of preoperative preparation and discuss the nutritional support time frame.

Keywords: nutritional deficiency, nutritional support, nutritional condition, preoperative preparation, ERAS protocol, sip feeding, enteral nutrition, nutritional risk.

For citation: Arykan N.G., Shestopalov A.E., Mitichkin A.E. et al. Nutritional support goals in the preoperative period. RMJ. 2019;7:22–25.