The effect of topical agent containing ectoin on skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-1-19-25
M.A. Mokronosova, T.M. Zheltikova
І.І. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
Aim: to assess the effect of “Perfectoin” cream containing 7% ectoin on clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as taxonomic diversity and count of skin colonizers in AD patients.
Patients and Methods: this study was performed in August-November 2019 in Moscow. 30 patients with AD aged 16–45 years were enrolled. Patients were examined by allergist before and after 1-week treatment with “Perfectoin” cream (general examination, sampling the skin microbiome). The severity of skin lesions was graded using the EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index) scoring system. MALDI-Tof mass spectrometry was applied to identify species and to count skin microbiome.
Results: in AD patients, skin microbiome is characterized by taxonomic diversity being represented by microorganisms with various ecological characteristics. “Perfectoin” has different effects on them. All microorganisms were divided into three groups based on this effect. In group 1, microbial count has reduced (31 out of 53 species, 59%). In group 2, microbial count has increased (16 out of 53 species, 30%). In group 3, microbial count has not changed (6 out of 53 species, 11%). “Perfectoin” has improved skin redness, intensity of skin inflammation (skin thickening, papules/edema), and scratching. As a result, the scores of the severity and intensity of local inflammation have reduced.
Conclusion: the effect of “Perfectoin” on skin microbiome in AD patients is different. The count of almost 60% of microbial species has significantly reduced after 1-week treatment. The count of other microorganisms (about 40%) has not changed or increased. These microorganisms are probably not involved in AD pathogenesis or have a positive impact on AD course (S. hominis, S. epidermidis), e.g., by controlling S. aureus count.
Keywords: skin microbiome, atopic dermatitis, ectoin, Staphylococcus aureus.
For citation: Mokronosova M.A., Zheltikova T.M. The effect of topical agent containing ectoin on skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Russian Medical Review. 2020;4(1):19–25. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-1-19-25.
About the authors:
Tat’yana M. Zheltikova — PhD (biology), Head of Laboratory, ORCID iD 0000-0001-5394-7132;
Marina A. Mokronosova — MD, PhD, Professor, Leading Researcher, ORCID iD 0000-0003-2123-8440.
І.І. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera. 5A, Malyy Kazennyy lane, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation.
Contact information: Tat’yana M. Zheltikova, e-mail: t-zheltikova@yandex.ru. Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned. There is no conflict of interests. Received 18.02.2020.
2. Chopra R., Vakharia P.P., Sacotte R. et al. Severity strata for Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), modified EASI, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), objective SCORAD, Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index and body surface area in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(5):1316–1321. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15641.
3. Marini A., Reinelt K., Krutmann J., Bilstein A. Ectoine-containing cream in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomised, comparator-controlled, intra-individual double-blind, multi-center trial. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2014;27(2):57–65.
4. Ellis H.K.L, Sum K.J., Gigi N.W.G. et al. Testing an Ectoin Containing Emollient for Atopic Dermatitis. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2019;15(3):191–195. DOI: 10.2174/1573396315666190415144244.
5. Flores G.E., Seite S., Henley J.B. et al. Microbiome of affected and unaffected skin of patients with atopic dermatitis before and after emollient treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(11):1365–1372.
6. Williams M.R., Gallo R.L. The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(11):65. DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0567-4.
7. Kennedy E.A., Connolly J., Hourihane J.O. et al. Skin microbiome before development of atopic dermatitis: Early colonization with commensal staphylococci at 2 months is associated with a lower risk of atopic dermatitis at 1 year. J Allergy ClinImmunol. 2017;139(1):166–172. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.029.
8. Scheinfeld N. Superinfection of Eczema with Multiple Acinetobacter Species. Acta Derm Venereol. 2003;83(2):143. DOI:10.1080/00015550310007562.
9. Kim J., Kim B.E., Ahn K., Leung D.Y.M. Interactions Between Atopic Dermatitis and Staphylococcus aureus Infection: Clinical Implications. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(5):593–603. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.593.
10. Blicharz L., Rudnicka L., Samochocki Z. Staphylococcus aureus: an underestimated factor in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis? Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2019;36(1):11–17. DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.82821.
11. Nakatsuji T., Chen T.H., Narala S. et al. Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against Staphylococcus aureus and are deficient in atopic dermatitis. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(378). pii: eaah4680. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4680.
12. Fyhrquist N., Muirhead G., Prast-Nielsen S. et al. Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4703. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12253-y.
13. Paller A.S., Kong H.H., Seed P. et al. The microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin.Immunol. 2019;143(1):26–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.015.
14. Hon K.L., Kung J.S.C., Tsang K.Y.C. et al. Emollient Acceptability in Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Not All Emollients are Equal. Curr. Pediatr Rev. 2018;14(2):117–122. DOI: 10.2174/1573396313666170605080034.
15. Javad G., Taheri Sarvtin M., Hedayati M.T. et al. Evaluation of Candida Colonization and Specific Humoral Responses against Candida albicans in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:849206. DOI: 10.1155/2015/849206.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons «Attribution» 4.0 License.
