Angioedema: anamnestic and clinical laboratory relations

Angioedema: anamnestic and clinical laboratory relations

A. Filippova^1,2, I.O. Malova¹, L.A. Khashkina⁴, P. Morand^2,3, R. Germi^2,3

¹Irkutsk State Medical University

²University Hospital of Grenoble, France

³Institute of Structural Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, France

⁴Irkutsk City Clinical Hospital № 10

Aim: to study the angioedema (AO) incidence, associated with urticaria, based on the materials of the hospital in Irkutsk, as well as to analyze the possible causes of these diseases progression, hereditary susceptibility to them, comorbidities and clinical laboratory characteristics of patients.

Patients and Methods: 113 patient histories diagnosed with AO and acute/chronic urticaria, who were at the day and night hospitalization in the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology of the Irkutsk City Clinical Hospital № 10 from the period from January 2016 to December 2018, were retrospectively analysed. Besides, the analysis of this pathology incidence over 5 years was performed.

Results: from 2014 to 2018, the AO percentage associated with urticaria was 7.3% among other allergic immunological diseases. It was found that this disease incidence in patients in a specified department decreased by 1.9 times — from 9.1% to 4.8%. A combination of various factors (histamine liberators, medicinal products, neurogenic mechanisms, concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, contact with synthetic detergents, etc.) was more often noted among the AO progression causes; it was impossible to clarify the causes in 8.5% of patients. In most patients, the allergic history was negative, hereditary susceptibility to allergic diseases and bad health habits were not revealed, and there was combined comorbidity. The clinical picture was typical in the form of urticarial eruptions accompanied by itching and burning, and oedema in most popular sites, predominantly, in several loci at the same time (face, neck, ears, lips, larynx, tongue,  pharynx). In laboratory parameters, leukocytosis, an increase in ESR and a high level of IgE were often noted.

Conclusion: AO took the 4th place according to the prevalence among allergic diseases. Within 5 years, the AO percentage associated with urticaria decreased by 1.9 times. Mostly, AO was provoked by several factors. Concomitant combined pathology was revealed in the prevailing number of patients. Commonly, the clinical symptoms were typical, with the localization of oedema in several loci at the same time. The tests showed signs of inflammation.

Keywords: allergic diseases, angioedema, acute urticaria, chronic urticaria.

For citation: Filippova A., Malova I.O., Khashkina L.A. et al. Angioedema: anamnestic and clinical laboratory relations. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;12:4–8.