Clinical pathogenic role of complement receptors in chronic spontaneous urticaria

R.Ya. Meshkova, A.V. Vitchuk, S.A. Aksenova, N.V. Kovrigina

Smolensk State Medical University

Aim: to analyze clinical pathogenic value of soluble complement receptor (C1qR1) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and to compare the findings with clinical characteristics of the disease.

Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 49 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Group 1 included 36 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and angioedema (mean age 43.8±2.96 years). Group 2 included 13 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria only (mean age 40.5±4.3 years). Control group included 34 healthy individuals (mean age 39.1±2.25 years). Serum C1qR1 concentration was measured by ELISA.

Results: in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and angioedema, C1qR1 level was significantly higher than in patients without angioedema (0.32±0.07 pg/mL and 0.17±0.05 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05). In chronic spontaneous urticaria duration more than 5 years, C1qR1 concentration is significantly lower than in disease duration less than 5 years and 1 year to 5 years (0.09±0.02 pg/mL, 0.22±0.03 pg/mL, and 0.41±0.16 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05). Neither gender differences (0.24±0.04 pg/mL in women and 0.41±0.20 pg/mL in men, p>0.05) nor age differences (0.24±0.04 pg/mL in 18–39 years, 0.18±0.04 pg/mL in 40–59 years, and 0.46±0.24 pg/mL over 60 years, p>0.05) in C1qR1 levels were found in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Conclusions: it was demonstrated for the first time that soluble receptors to C1q component are involved in the pathogenesis chronic spontaneous urticaria. In more severe disease with angioedema, significant increase in C1qR1 levels was found as compared with chronic spontaneous urticaria without angioedema. Non-sedating antihistamines initially available in two dosages (e.g., ESPA-BASTIN®) are the optimal choice for resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Keywords: chronic spontaneous urticaria, receptor to C1q complement component, C1qR1, complement system, histamine, antihistamines, ebastine, ESPA-BASTIN.

For citation: Meshkova R.Ya., Vitchuk A.V., Aksenova S.A., Kovrigina N.V. Clinical pathogenic role of complement receptors in chronic spontaneous urticaria. RMJ. 2019;3:3–6.