Role of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of genitourinary infections

1. Савельева Г.М. Гинекология / под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. Серова, В.Е. Радзинского, И.Б. Манухина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017.Savelyeva G.M. Gynecology / ed. By G.M. Savelyev, G.T. Sukhikh, V.N. Serov, V.E. Radzinsky, I.B. Manukhin. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2017 (in Russ.). 2. Евдокимова Н.В., Черненькая Т.В. Микробиом кишечника человека: научная парадигма и клиническая практика. Патологическая физиология и экспериментальная терапия. 2024;68(2):76–86. DOI: 10.25557/0031-2991.2024.02.76-86Evdokimova N.V., Chernenkaya T.V. Human intestinal microbiome: scientific paradigm and clinical practice. Pathological physiology and experimental therapy. 2024;68(2):76–86 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.25557/0031-2991.2024.02.76-86 3. Perez-Muñoz M.E, Arrieta M.-C., Ramer-Tait A.E., Walter J. Acritical assessment of the "sterile womb" and "in utero colonization" hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome. Microbiome. 2017;5(1):48. DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4 4. Ross J., Guaschino S., Cusini M., Jensen J. 2017 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J STD AIDS. 2018;29(2):108–114. DOI: 10.1177/0956462417744099 5. Franasiak J.M., Scott R.T.Jr. Reproductive tract microbiome in assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(6):1364–1371. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.10.012 6. Verstraelen H., Vilchez-Vargas R., Desimpel F. et al. Characterisation of the human uterine microbiome in non-pregnant women through deep sequencing of the V1-2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1602. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1602 7. Роговская С.И., Касян В.Н., Бриль Ю.А. Решение не окончательное, обжалованию подлежит. Есть ли место эмпирической терапии вагинальных инфекций? StatusPraesens. Гинекология, акушерство, бесплодный брак. 2020;1(64):61–68.Rogovskaya S.I., Kasyan V.N., Bril Yu.A. The decision is not final and is subject to appeal. Is there a place for empirical therapy of vaginal infections? StatusPraesens. Gynecology, obstetrics, infertile marriage. 2020;1(64):61–68 (in Russ.). 8. Нургалиева Е.В., Духин А.О., Гущин А.Е. Микробиота женских половых органов при гнойно-воспалительных заболеваниях гениталий. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина. 2016;2:197–201.Nurgalieva E.V., Dukhin A.O., Gushchin A.E. Microbiota of female genital organs in purulent-inflammatory diseases of the genitals. Bulletin of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Medicine. 2016;2:197–201 (in Russ.). 9. Romero R., Hassan S.S., Gajer P. et al. The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women. Microbiome. 2014;2(1):4. DOI: 10.1186/2049-2618-2-4 10. Казанцева В.Д., Озолиня Л.А., Савченко Т.Н., Доброхотова Ю.Э. Современные стратегии лечения и профилактики бактериального вагиноза. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2025;8(1):27–31. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2025-8-1-4Kazantseva V.D., Ozolinya L.A., Savchenko T.N., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Modern treatment tactics and prophylaxis of bacterial vaginosis. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2025;8(1):27–31 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2025-8-1-4 11. Российское общество акушеров-гинекологов. Клинические рекомендации по диа­гностики и лечению заболеваний, сопровождающихся патологическими выделениями из половых путей женщин (издание 2-е, исп. и доп.). М.; 2019.Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases accompanied by pathological discharge from the female genital tract (2nd edition, revised and supplemented) M.; 2019 (in Russ.). 12. Willems H.M.E., Ahmed S.S., Liu J. et al. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Current Understanding and Burning Questions. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(1):27. DOI: 10.3390/jof6010027 13. Denning D.W., Kneale M., Sobel J.D., Rautemaa-Richardson R. Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: A systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:e339–e347. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30103-8 14. Paavonen J.A., Brunham R.C. Vaginitis in Nonpregnant Patients: ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 215. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(5):1229–1230. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003857 15. Workowski K.A., Bachmann L.H., Chan P.A. et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(4):1–187. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 16. Hillier S.L., Austin M., Macio I. et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Vaginal Discharge Syndromes in Community Practice Settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(9):1538–1543. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa260 17. Радзинский В.Е., Хамошина М.Б. Результаты многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования: терапия острого вагинита неспе­ци­фической и смешанной этиологии у пациенток репродуктивного возраста. Акушерство и гинекология. 2019;(8):150–158. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.8.150-158Radzinsky V.E., Khamoshina M.B. Results of a multicenter observational study: therapy for acute vaginitis of nonspecific and mixed etiology in patients of reproductive age. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019;(8):150–158 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2019.8.150-158 18. Obiero J., Rulisa S., Ogongo P., Wiysonge C.S. Nifuratel-Nystatin combination for the treatment of mixed infections of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomonal vaginitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2018(4):CD013012. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013012 19. Sobel J.D., Sobel R. Current treatment options for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by azole-resistant Candida species. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018;19(9):971–977. DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1476490 20. Lewis F.M.T., Bernstein K.T., Aral S.O. Vaginal Microbiome and Its Relationship to Behavior, Sexual Health, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(4):643–654. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001932 21. Greenbaum S., Greenbaum G., Moran-Gilad J. et al. Ecological dynamics of the vaginal microbiome in relation to health and disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(4):324–335. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.1089 22. Torcia M.G. Interplay among Vaginal Microbiome, Immune Response and Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(2):266. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020266 23. Senok A.C., Verstraelen H., Temmerman M., Botta G.A. Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD006289. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006289 24. Huang H., Song L., Zhao W. Effects of probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in adult women: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;289(6):1225–1234. DOI: 10.1007/s00404 013-3117-0 25. Riepl M. Compounding to Prevent and Treat Dysbiosis of the Human Vaginal Microbiome. Int J Pharm Compd. 2018;22(6):456–465. PMID: 30384345. 26. Gupta P., Singh M.P., Goyal K. Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity. Front Public Health. 2020;8:326. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00326 27. De Vrese M., Laue C., Papazova E. et al. Impact of oral administration of four Lactobacillus strains on Nugent score — systematic review and meta-analysis. Benef Microbes. 2019;10(5):483–496. DOI: 10.3920/BM2018.0129 28. Bohbot J.M., Daraï E., Bretelle F. et al. Efficacy and safety of vaginally administered lyophilized Lactobacillus crispatus IP 174178 in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2018;47(2):81–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2017.11.005 29. Fu Z., Liska D., Talan D., Chung M. Cranberry Reduces the Risk of Urinary Tract Infection Recurrence in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr. 2017;147(12):2282–2288. DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.254961 30. DE Leo V., Cappelli V., Massaro M.G. et al. [Evaluation of the effects of a natural dietary supplement with cranberry, Noxamicina® and D-mannose in recurrent urinary infections in perimenopausal women]. Minerva Ginecol. 2017;69(4):336–341 (in Italian). DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04074-6 31. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю. О перспективах применения лактобактериальных пробиотиков, D-маннозы и экстрактов клюквы в терапии инфекций мочевыводящих путей. Акушерство, Гинекология и Репродукция. 2023;17(4):485–499. DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.442Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu. Regarding the prospects of using Lactobacillus-based probiotics, D-mannose and cranberry extracts in therapy of urinary tract infections. Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction. 2023;17(4):485–499 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2023.442 32. Леонова М.В. Пробиотики в лечении вагинальных инфекций: эффективность с позиции доказательной медицины. Медицинский совет. 2020;(13):148–154. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-13-148-154Leonova M.V. Probiotics in the treatment of vaginal infections: efficacy from the perspective of evidence-based medicine. Medical сouncil. 2020;(13):148–154 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2020-13-148-154