Chronic rhinosinusitis treatment: actual data
S.V. Nikolaieva1, D.V. Usenko¹, A.V. Gorelov<sup>1,2

1</sup>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service on Customers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, Moscow
¹Sechenov University, Moscow

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CR) is one of the most common upper respiratory tract infections. CR is a serious health problem, harming the patients’ life quality due to the deterioration of their well-being and restrictions on daily activity. At present, it has been proven that normally there are various bacteria in healthy sinuses. A decrease in bacterial diversity correlates with the CR severity. The presence and percentage of these microorganisms may be affected by previous antibiotic therapy, vaccination, presence/absence of normal microbiota that can affect the pathogenic microorganisms growth, and inflammatory process localization (supramaxillary, ethmoidal, or frontal sinuses). Special attention has recently been paid to the ability of microorganisms to form biofilms. In patients with CR, the presence of biofilms provokes a more severe and prolonged disease course. Currently, CR treatment includes medication (mainly antibiotics, irrigation therapy with saline solutions or corticosteroids) and surgical treatment. At the same time, there are no guaranteed methods aimed at achieving stable remission or recovery of the patient. It is advisable to limit the use of antibacterial therapy in favor of effective therapy methods targeted at CR that affect biofilms, since it is the biofilms that cause the main pathogenic bacteria persistence, reducing the medicamental sanitation efficacy of the infection focus in CR.

Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal cavity, microorganisms, biofilms, medication, hypersaline solution.
For citation: Nikolaieva S.V., Usenko D.V., Gorelov A.V. Chronic rhinosinusitis treatment: actual data. RMJ. 2020;2:33–36.