Status epilepticus in children. Clinical lecture
V.M. Frolova, A.S. Kotov, K.V. Firsov
Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky
Status epilepticus (SE) is characterized by prolonged or repeated seizures\episodes without returning to the normal patient state. Seizure/episode can last at least 30 minutes, otherwise, there can be several seizures without restoring functions between them for more than
30 minutes. The highest SE frequency is in the neonatal period, then it decreases for about five years. In persons aged 5 to 40 years, SE episodes are relatively rare. SE requires emergency treatment and diagnostic measures aimed at stabilizing vital functions, root cause diagnosis and early determination of a treatment tactics for both clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) episode manifestations. The SE therapy first-line drugs are benzodiazepines. Many patients need further prescription with fentanyl, valproic acid, phenobarbital or levetiracetam.
If benzodiazepines and additional drugs administration do not let interrupting the episod e, the patient is diagnosed with refractory SE. In this case, it is necessary to put the patient into the medically induced coma in order to interrupt SE. The period in a coma makes it possible to add additional drugs and determine the episode causes, requiring special treatment.
Keywords: epilepsy, epileptic, status, children, emergency intervention, urgent intervention, refractory, medically induced coma.
For citation: Frolova V.M., Kotov A.S., Firsov K.V. Status epilepticus in children. Clinical lecture. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;5:37–40.
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