State-of-the-art cataract surgery. Nuances and solutions
DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2020-20-3-142-147
State-of-the-art cataract surgery. Nuances and solutions
A.E. Egorov1,2, A.B. Movsisyan1,2, N.G. Glazko1,2
1Hospital for War Veterans No. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federatio
Cataract surgery is one of the most fast growing fields of ophthalmology. Phacoemulsification, or phaco, is the current gold standard for modern cataract surgery. However, cataract surgery is quite often complicated by a number of challenges, i.e., zonular weakness, dense nucleus, corneal endothelial dysfunction, small pupil, aniridia etc. Recent advancements in different areas has resulted in the adoption of femtosecond technology to perform phaco. In addition to successful cataract surgery itself, proper intraocular lens (IOL) choice is of crucial importance. The development of aspheric IOLs has significantly improved functional outcomes to provide better mesopic and scotopic vision postoperatively. 21st century also provides novel opportunities for patients, i.e., life without glasses after cataract surgery with multifocal IOL implantation. One of the recent advances is the development of extended depth of focus IOLs that increase pseudoaccommodation by using pupil dynamics. The introduction of these IOLs may require paradigm shift in the understanding of optical parameters of the eye. This will result in the generation of novel IOL calculation formulas or modification of current ones. Additionally, surgical performance and its contribution to the refraction outcome should be considered. This would be the beginning of a new era of cataract surgery.
Keywords: cataract, cataract surgery, phacoemulsification, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, complicated cataract surgery, spherical aberrations, aspherical aberrations, asphericity coefficient, intraocular lens, multifocal intraocular lens.
For citation: Egorov A.E., Movsisyan A.B., Glazko N.G. State-of-the-art cataract surgery. Nuances and solutions. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2020;20(3):142–147. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2020-20-3-142-147.
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2. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по оказанию офтальмологической помощи пациентам с возрастной катарактой. Экспертный совет по проблеме хирургического лечения катаракты. Под редакцией ООО «Межрегиональная ассоциация врачей-офтальмологов». М.: Офтальмология; 2015. [Federal clinical guidelines for providing ophthalmological care to patients with age-related cataracts. Expert Council on the problem of cataract surgery. Ed. “Interregional Association of ophthalmologists”. Moscow: Ophthalmology; 2015 (in Russ.)].
3. Chang D.F. Advanced IOL Fixation: Techniques Strategies for Compromised or Missing Capsular Support. NJ (USA): SLACK Incorporated, 2019.
4. Tekin K., Inanc M., Elgin U. Monitoring and management of the patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome: current perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:453–464. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S181444.
5. Borkenstein A.F., Borkenstein E.M. Surgical experience with a redesigned, fully preloaded, hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in challenging cases of pseudoexfoliation syndrome, phacodonesis, and small pupils. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:199–206. DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S194420.
6. Sangal N., Chen Т.С. Cataract Surgery in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2014;29(5–6):403–408. DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2014.959189.
7. Паштаев Н.П., Куликов И.В. Фемтосекундный лазер в хирургии катаракты. Офтальмохирургия. 2016;(3):74–79. [Pashtaev N.P., Kulikov I.V. Femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2016;(3):74–79 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.25276/0235-4160-2016-3-74-79.
8. Азнабаев Б.М., Мухамадеев Т.Р., Дибаев Т.И. Ультразвуковая факоэмульсификация на основе непродольных колебаний. Медицинский вестник Башкортостана. 2012;7(6):103–107. [Aznabaev В.М., Mukhamadeev T.R., Dibaev T.I. Ultrasound phacoemulsification based on non-longitudinal oscillations. Meditsinskiy vestnik Bashkortostana. 2012;7(6):103–107 (in Russ.)].
9. Малов В.М., Золотарев А.В., Ерошевская Е.Б. и др. Оптимизация фрагментации ядра хрусталика при факоэмульсификации у больных псевдоэксфолиативным синдромом. Офтальмология. 2018;15(3):273–279. [Malov V.M., Zolotarev A.V., Eroshevskaya E.B. et al. Optimization of the Lens Nucleus Fragmentation during Phacoemulsification in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Ophthalmology in Russia. 2018;15(3):273–279 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.18008/1816-5095-2018-3-273-279.
10. Soosan J. Different Methods of Chopping in Cataract Surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2019;30(1):25–38. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000538.
11. Szurman Р., Petermeier К., Aisenbrey S. et al. Z-suture: a new knotless technique for transscleral suture fixation of intraocular implants. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2010;94:167–169. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.162180.
12. Головин А.В. Современные подходы к хирургии катаракты в осложненных случаях. Обзор. XV Всероссийская конференция с международным участием «Современные технологии катарактальной и рефракционной хирургии — 2014». М., 2014. [Golovin A.V. Modern approaches to cataract surgery in complicated cases. Review. All-Russian conference with international participation “Modern technologies of cataract and refractive surgery — 2014”. М., 2014 (in Russ.)].
13. Buratto L., Brint S.F., Sacchi L. Cataract surgery: introduction and preparation. NJ (USA): SLACK INC; 2014.
14. Li S., Chen X., Zhao J. et al. Isolated Capsulorhexis Flap Technique in Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery to Protect the Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Invest Surg. 2019;32(1):35–38. DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1372537.
15. Мачехин В.Я., Николашин С.И. Техника факоэмульсификации катаракты с плотными ядрами. Бюллетень СО РАМН. 2009;4(138):26–29. [Machekhin V.Ya., Nikolashin S.I. Technique of phacoemulsification of cataracts with dense nuclei. Byulleten’ SO RAMN. 2009;4(138):26–29 (in Russ.)].
16. Weeber H.A., Piers P.A. Theoretical Performance of Intraocular Lenses Correcting Both Spherical and Chromatic Aberration. J. Refract. Surg. J. Refract. Surg. 2012;28(1):48–52. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20111103-01.
17. Bellucci R., Cargnoni M., Bellucci C. Clinical and Aberrometric Evaluation of a New Extended Depth-Of-Focus Intraocular Lens Based on Spherical Aberration. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(7):919–926. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.02.023.
18. Holladay J.T., Piers P.A., Kozanyi G. et al. A new intraocular lens designed to reduce spherical aberration of pseudophakic eyes. J Refract Surg. 2002;18(6):683–701.
19. Lombardo M., De Santo M.P., Lombardo G. et al. Analysis of intraocular lens surface properties with atomic force microscopy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32(8):1378–1384. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.02.068.
20. Montés-Micó R., Ferrer-Blasco T., Cerviño A. Analysis of the possible benefits of aspheric intraocular lenses: review of the literature. J. cataract refract surg. 2009;35(1):172–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.09.01.
21. Oberholzer M., Gillan W.D.H., Rubin A. Higher order aberrations of the eye: Part one. Afr Vision Eye Health. 2016;75(1):1–6. DOI:10.4102/aveh.v75i1.321.
22. Zheng S., Ying J., Wang B. et al. Three-dimensional model for human anterior corneal surface. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2013;18(6):065002. DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.065002.
23. Manns F., Fernandez V., Zipper S. et al. Radius of curvature and asphericity of the anterior and posterior surface of human cadaver crystalline lenses. Exp Eye Res. 2004;78(1):39–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2003.09.025.
24. Tălu S., Tălu M., Giovanzana S. Representation and Mathematical Analysis of Human Corneal Surface. Oftalmologia. 2011;55(2):75–81.
25. Huang H., Yang J., Bao H. et al. Retrospective analysis of changes in the anterior corneal surface after Q value guided LASIK and LASEK in high myopic astigmatism for 3 years. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012;12(15):1–6. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-12-15.
26. Zhang Z., Wang J., Niu W. et al. Corneal asphericity and its related factors in 1052 Chinese subjects. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88(10):1232–1239. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31822717ca.
27. Queirós A., Villa-Collar C., Gutiérrez A. et al. Anterior and posterior corneal elevation after orthokeratology and standard and customized LASIK surgery. Eye Contact Lens. 2011;37(6):354–358. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e318232e32d.
28. Дегтярев С.А., Карсаков А.В., Бранчевская Е.С. и др. Влияние изменения кривизны преломляющих поверхностей глаза на качество изображения на сетчатке в модели Лиоу — Бреннана. Компьютерная оптика. 2015;39(5):702–708. [Degtyarev S.A., Karsakov A.V., Branchevskaya E.S. et al. Influence of eye refractive surface curvature modification on the retinal image quality in the Liou-Brennan eye model. Komp’yuternaya optika. 2015;39(5):702–708 (in Russ.)]. DOI: 10.18287/0134-2452-2015-39-5-702-708.
29. ZEISS CT LUCIA Family Designed to optimize your hydrophobic IOL performance. (Electronic resource). URL: https://www.zeiss.com/meditec/int/product-portfolio/iols/monofocal-iols/ct-lucia-family.html. Access date: 14.09.2019.
30. Queirós A., Villa-Collar C., Gutiérrez A. et al. Local steepening in peripheral corneal curvature after corneal refractive therapy and LASIK. Optom Vis Sci. 2010;87(6):432–439. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181da8628.
31. Berrio E., Tabernero J., Artal P. Optical Aberrations and Alignment of the Eye With Age. J Vis. 2010;10(14):34. DOI: 10.1167/10.14.34.
32. Applegate R.A., Thibos L.N., Hilmantel G. Optics of aberroscopy and super vision. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27(7):1093–1107.
33. Zhang F., Zhou Z., Yu F. et al. Comparison of Age-Related Changes Between Corneal and Ocular Aberration in Young and Mid-Age Myopic Patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35(3):496–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.11.032.
34. Tandogan T., Auffarth G.U., Choi C.Y. et al. In Vitro Comparative Optical Bench Analysis of a Spherical and Aspheric Optic Design of the Same IOL Model. BMC Ophthalmol. 2017;17(1):9. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0407-5.
35. Weeber H.A., Piers P.A. Theoretical Performance of Intraocular Lenses Correcting Both Spherical and Chromatic Aberration. J Refract Surg. 2012;28(1):48–52. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20111103-01.
36. Jia L., Li Z. Evaluation of the Consistency of Total Spherical Aberration Before and After Aspherical Intraocular Lens Implantation. Eye Sci. 2013;28(3):129–133.
37. Caporossi A., Martone G., Casprini F., Rapisarda L. Prospective randomized study of clinical performance of 3 aspheric and 2 spherical intraocular lenses in 250 eyes. 2007;23(7):639–648. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20070901-02.
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39. Kershner R.M. Retinal image contrast and functional visual performance with aspheric, silicone, and acrylic intraocular lenses: prospective evaluation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:1684–1694. DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350 (03) 00523-6.
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