Ocular aberrations in keratoconus
DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-168-174
V.V. Averich, G.B. Egorova
Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
The review presents the basic concepts of the wavefront, ocular aberrations and their changes in keratoconus (KC) — the most common form of primary ectatic corneal disorder. It also considers the issues of the posterior corneal surface impact on the indicators of general astigmatism and the wavefront. The authors note that a possible reason for the increase in the aberration level in KC are concomitant signs of dry eye syndrome (DYS). Adding that, the review also discusses methods for correcting aberrations in KC. To date, contact lens vision correction with rigid gas permeable lenses remains the most effective method of visual rehabilitation. The prescription with a combination of artificial tears and reparative medicine allows to almost completely neutralize the phenomena of keratomalacia (conjunctival xerosis). If a patient with KC has initial signs of DYS, it is advisable to use preservative-free low-viscosity artificial tears based on hyaluronic acid of various concentrations. If the patient uses contact lens vision correction to prevent hypoxia complications, it is justified to prescribe the antioxidant agent, methylethylpiridinol, which has an antiaggregational and antihypoxic effect.
Keywords: keratoconus, ocular aberrations, posterior corneal surface, wavefront, Zernike polynomials, dry eye syndrome, antioxidant.
For citation: Averich V.V., Egorova G.B. Ocular aberrations in keratoconus. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(3):168–174 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-168-174.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
Veronika V. Averich — C. Sc. (Med.), Junior Researcher of the Department of Refractive Disorders, Research Institute of Eye Diseases; 11A, B, Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-5778-4123.
Galina B. Egorova — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Leading Researcher of the Department of Refractive Disorders, Research Institute of Eye Diseases; 11A, B, Rossolimo str., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0001-8557-0288. Contact information: Veronika V. Averich, e-mail: veronikky@mail.ru.
Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned.
There is no conflict of interests.
Received 10.12.2021.
Revised 08.01.2022.
Accepted 27.01.2022.
References
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10. Egorova G.B., Borodina N.V, Bubnova I.A. Aberrations of the human eye, methods for their measurement and correction (literature review). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2003;4(4):30–32 (in Russ.).
11. Kornyushina T.A., Rozenblyum Yu.Z. Aberrations of the human eye optical system and their clinical significance. Vestnik optometrii. 2002;3:13–20 (in Russ.).
12. Semchishen V., Mrokhen M. Features of higher order aberrations in ametropia and emmetropia. Refraktsionnaya khirurgiya i oftal’mologiya. 2003;(3)3:10–12 (in Russ.).
13. Villegas E.A., Artal P. Visual acuity and optical parameters in progressive-power lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2006;83(9):672–681. DOI: 10.1097/01.opx.0000232818.37832.ee.
14. Barbero S., Marcos S., Merayo-Lloves J., Moreno-Barriuso E. Validation of the estimation of corneal aberrations from videokeratography in keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2002;18(3):263–270. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20020501-09.
15. Gordon-Shaag A., Millodot M., Ifrah R., Shneor E. Aberrations and topography in normal, keratoconus-suspect, and keratoconic eyes. Optometry and Vision Science. 2012;89(4):411–418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e318249d727.
16. Jinabhai A., Radhakrishnan H., O’Donnell C. Higher order aberrations in keratoconus: A review. Optometry in Practice. 2009;10:141–160.
17. Colak H.N., Kantarci F.A., Yildirim A. et al. Comparison of corneal topographic measurements and high order aberrations in keratoconus and normal eyes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2016;39(5):380–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.06.005.
18. Castillo J.H., Hanna R., Berkowitz E., Tiosano B. Wavefront analysis for keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis. 2014;3(2):76–83. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1083.
19. Bühren J., Kühne C., Kohnen T. Defining subclinical keratoconus using corneal first-surface higher-order aberrations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(3):381–389. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.062.
20. Maeda N., Fujikado T., Kuroda T. et al. Wavefront aberrations measured with Hartmann-Shack sensor in patients with keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(11):1996–2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01279-4.
21. Alió J.L., Shabayek M.H. Corneal higher order aberrations: a method to grade keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2006;22(6):539–545. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20060601-05.
22. Jafri B., Li X., Yang H., Rabinowitz Y.S. Higher order wavefront aberrations and topography in early and suspected keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(8):774–781. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20071001-06.
23. Lim L., Wei R.H., Chan W.K., Tan D.T. Evaluation of higher order ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(8):825–828. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20071001-13.
24. Schlegel Z., Lteif Y., Bains H.S., Gatinel D. Total, corneal, and internal ocular optical aberrations in patients with keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2009;25(10 Suppl):S951–S957. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20090915-10.
25. Radhakrishnan H., Jinabhai A., O’Donnell C. Dynamics of ocular aberrations in keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom. 2010;93(3):164–174. DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00471.x.
26. Howland H.C., Glasser A., Applegate R.A. Polynomial approxi-mations of corneal surfaces and corneal curvature topography. Technical Digest Ser Ophthalm Vis Optics OSA. 1992;3:34–37.
27. Schwiegerling J., Greivenkamp J.E. Keratoconus detection based on videokeratoscopic height data. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73(12):721–728. DOI: 10.1097/00006324-199612000-00001.
28. Maeda N. Clinical applications of wavefront aberrometry — a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(1):118–129. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02005.x.
29. Gobbe M., Guillon M. Corneal wavefront aberration measurements to detect keratoconus patients. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2005;28(2):57–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2004.12.001.
30. Bühren J., Kook D., Yoon G., Kohnen T. Detection of subclinical keratoconus by using corneal anterior and posterior surface aberrations and thickness spatial profiles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(7):3424–3432. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4960.
31. Piñero D.P., Alió J.L., Alesón A. et al. Pentacam posterior and anterior corneal aberrations in normal and keratoconic eyes. Clin Exp Optom. 2009;92(3):297–303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00357.x.
32. Nakagawa T., Maeda N., Kosaki R. et al. Higher-order aberrations due to the posterior corneal surface in patients with keratoconus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(6):2660–2665. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2754.
33. Mas D., Espinosa J., Domenech B. et al. Correlation between the dioptric power, astigmatism and surface shape of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2009;29(3):219–226. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00632.x.
34. Naderan M., Rajabi M.T., Zarrinbakhsh P. Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes With Keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;167:79–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.03.051.
35. Chen M., Yoon G. Posterior corneal aberrations and their compensation effects on anterior corneal aberrations in keratoconic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5645–5652. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1874.
36. Chen M., Sabesan R., Ahmad K., Yoon G. Correcting anterior corneal aberration and variability of lens movements in keratoconic eyes with back-surface customized soft contact lenses. Opt Lett. 2007;32(21):3203–3205. DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.003203.
37. Bubnova I.A., Averich V.V. Status of precorneal tear film in keratoconus. Modern technologies in ophthalmology. 2020;4(35):319–320 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.25276/2312-4911-2020-4-319-320.
38. Suliman A., Rubin A. Corrigendum: A review of higher order aberrations of the human eye. African Vision and Eye Health. 2019;78(1):a550. DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v78i1.550.
39. Koh S., Maeda N., Hirohara Y. et al. Serial measurements of higher-order aberrations after blinking in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(1):133–138. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0762.
40. Tregubova I.A., Kosolapov V.A., Spasov A.A. Antioxidants: current situation and perspectives. Progress in physiological science. 2012;43(1):75–94 (in Russ.).
41. Kurysheva A.P., Kidraleeva S.R. Treatment of hypoxic corneal changes in patients with contact vision correction. Glaz. 2014;6(100):13–17 (in Russ.).
42. Dautova Z.A., Mitrofanova N.V. Application of the drug Emoxipine in comprehensive treatment of glaucoma. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2016;1(2):153–159 (in Russ.).
43. Kozlov S.A., Khyshiktuev B.S., Logunov N.A. The influence of complex therapy by emoxipin on the course of diabetic retinopathy. The Russian annals of ophthalmologyi. 2003;119(2):28–30 (in Russ.).
44. Kornilovskii I.M., Godzhaeva A.M. New bioptic approach to evaluation of optic aberrations and restorative vision correction. Refraktsionnaya khirurgiya i oftal’mologiya. 2006;6(1):4–12 (in Russ.).
45. Jenkins T.C. Aberrations of the eye and their effects on vision: 1. Spherical aberration. The Br J Physiol Opt. 1963;20:59–91.
46. Kosaki R., Maeda N., Bessho K. et al. Magnitude and orientation of Zernike terms in patients with keratoconus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(7):3062–3068. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1285.
47. Marsack J.D., Parker K.E., Pesudovs K. et al. Uncorrected wavefront error and visual performance during RGP wear in keratoconus. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(6):463–470. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31802e64f0.
48. Egorova G.B., Bobrovskikh N.V., Savochkina O.A. Possibilities of compensation of optical aberrations in keratoconus with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. The Russian annals of ophthalmology. 2010;126(1):42–46 (in Russ.).
49. Choi J., Wee W.R., Lee J.H., Kim M.K. Changes of ocular higher order aberration in on- and off-eye of rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(1):42–51. DOI: 10.1097/01.opx.0000254036.45989.65.
50. Fuller D.G., Wang Y. Safety and Efficacy of Scleral Lenses for Keratoconus. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(9):741–748. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001578.
2. Egorova G.V., Bobrovskikh N.V., Zueva Yu.S. Optical aberrations of the eye and feasibilities of their compensation by means of contact lenses and surgical interventions in primary ametropias and keratoconus. The Russian annals of ophthalmology.2007;5:47–51 (in Russ.).
3. Balashevich L. I. Refractive surgery. SPb.: SPbMAPO; 2002 (in Russ.).
4. Suliman A., Rubin A. A review of higher order aberrations of the human eye. African Vision and Eye Health. 2019;78(1):a501. DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v78i1.501.
5. McAlinden C., McCartney M., Moore J. Mathematics of Zernike polynomials: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011;39(8):820–827. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02562.x.
6. Applegate R.A., Hilmantel G., Howland H.C. et al. Corneal first surface optical aberrations and visual performance. J Refract Surg. 2000;16(5):507–514. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20000901-04.
7. Bille J.F., Harner C.F., Lösel F. Aberration-Free Refractive Surgery: new frontiers in vision. Berlin : Springer Science & Business Media; 2004. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-97918-7.
8. Zernike F. Beugungstheorie des schneidenver-fahrens und seiner verbesserten form, der phasenkontrastmethode. Physical. 1934;1(7):689–704 (in German). DOI: 10.1016/S0031-8914(34)80259-5.
9. Thibos L.N., Applegate R.A., Schwiegerling J.T. et al. Standards for reporting the optical aberrations of eyes. J Refract Surg. 2002;18(5):S652–S660. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20020901-30.
10. Egorova G.B., Borodina N.V, Bubnova I.A. Aberrations of the human eye, methods for their measurement and correction (literature review). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2003;4(4):30–32 (in Russ.).
11. Kornyushina T.A., Rozenblyum Yu.Z. Aberrations of the human eye optical system and their clinical significance. Vestnik optometrii. 2002;3:13–20 (in Russ.).
12. Semchishen V., Mrokhen M. Features of higher order aberrations in ametropia and emmetropia. Refraktsionnaya khirurgiya i oftal’mologiya. 2003;(3)3:10–12 (in Russ.).
13. Villegas E.A., Artal P. Visual acuity and optical parameters in progressive-power lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2006;83(9):672–681. DOI: 10.1097/01.opx.0000232818.37832.ee.
14. Barbero S., Marcos S., Merayo-Lloves J., Moreno-Barriuso E. Validation of the estimation of corneal aberrations from videokeratography in keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2002;18(3):263–270. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20020501-09.
15. Gordon-Shaag A., Millodot M., Ifrah R., Shneor E. Aberrations and topography in normal, keratoconus-suspect, and keratoconic eyes. Optometry and Vision Science. 2012;89(4):411–418. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e318249d727.
16. Jinabhai A., Radhakrishnan H., O’Donnell C. Higher order aberrations in keratoconus: A review. Optometry in Practice. 2009;10:141–160.
17. Colak H.N., Kantarci F.A., Yildirim A. et al. Comparison of corneal topographic measurements and high order aberrations in keratoconus and normal eyes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2016;39(5):380–384. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.06.005.
18. Castillo J.H., Hanna R., Berkowitz E., Tiosano B. Wavefront analysis for keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis. 2014;3(2):76–83. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1083.
19. Bühren J., Kühne C., Kohnen T. Defining subclinical keratoconus using corneal first-surface higher-order aberrations. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(3):381–389. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.11.062.
20. Maeda N., Fujikado T., Kuroda T. et al. Wavefront aberrations measured with Hartmann-Shack sensor in patients with keratoconus. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(11):1996–2003. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01279-4.
21. Alió J.L., Shabayek M.H. Corneal higher order aberrations: a method to grade keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2006;22(6):539–545. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20060601-05.
22. Jafri B., Li X., Yang H., Rabinowitz Y.S. Higher order wavefront aberrations and topography in early and suspected keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(8):774–781. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20071001-06.
23. Lim L., Wei R.H., Chan W.K., Tan D.T. Evaluation of higher order ocular aberrations in patients with keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2007;23(8):825–828. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20071001-13.
24. Schlegel Z., Lteif Y., Bains H.S., Gatinel D. Total, corneal, and internal ocular optical aberrations in patients with keratoconus. J Refract Surg. 2009;25(10 Suppl):S951–S957. DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20090915-10.
25. Radhakrishnan H., Jinabhai A., O’Donnell C. Dynamics of ocular aberrations in keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom. 2010;93(3):164–174. DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00471.x.
26. Howland H.C., Glasser A., Applegate R.A. Polynomial approxi-mations of corneal surfaces and corneal curvature topography. Technical Digest Ser Ophthalm Vis Optics OSA. 1992;3:34–37.
27. Schwiegerling J., Greivenkamp J.E. Keratoconus detection based on videokeratoscopic height data. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73(12):721–728. DOI: 10.1097/00006324-199612000-00001.
28. Maeda N. Clinical applications of wavefront aberrometry — a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(1):118–129. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02005.x.
29. Gobbe M., Guillon M. Corneal wavefront aberration measurements to detect keratoconus patients. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2005;28(2):57–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2004.12.001.
30. Bühren J., Kook D., Yoon G., Kohnen T. Detection of subclinical keratoconus by using corneal anterior and posterior surface aberrations and thickness spatial profiles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(7):3424–3432. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4960.
31. Piñero D.P., Alió J.L., Alesón A. et al. Pentacam posterior and anterior corneal aberrations in normal and keratoconic eyes. Clin Exp Optom. 2009;92(3):297–303. DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00357.x.
32. Nakagawa T., Maeda N., Kosaki R. et al. Higher-order aberrations due to the posterior corneal surface in patients with keratoconus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(6):2660–2665. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2754.
33. Mas D., Espinosa J., Domenech B. et al. Correlation between the dioptric power, astigmatism and surface shape of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2009;29(3):219–226. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00632.x.
34. Naderan M., Rajabi M.T., Zarrinbakhsh P. Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes With Keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;167:79–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.03.051.
35. Chen M., Yoon G. Posterior corneal aberrations and their compensation effects on anterior corneal aberrations in keratoconic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5645–5652. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1874.
36. Chen M., Sabesan R., Ahmad K., Yoon G. Correcting anterior corneal aberration and variability of lens movements in keratoconic eyes with back-surface customized soft contact lenses. Opt Lett. 2007;32(21):3203–3205. DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.003203.
37. Bubnova I.A., Averich V.V. Status of precorneal tear film in keratoconus. Modern technologies in ophthalmology. 2020;4(35):319–320 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.25276/2312-4911-2020-4-319-320.
38. Suliman A., Rubin A. Corrigendum: A review of higher order aberrations of the human eye. African Vision and Eye Health. 2019;78(1):a550. DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v78i1.550.
39. Koh S., Maeda N., Hirohara Y. et al. Serial measurements of higher-order aberrations after blinking in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(1):133–138. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0762.
40. Tregubova I.A., Kosolapov V.A., Spasov A.A. Antioxidants: current situation and perspectives. Progress in physiological science. 2012;43(1):75–94 (in Russ.).
41. Kurysheva A.P., Kidraleeva S.R. Treatment of hypoxic corneal changes in patients with contact vision correction. Glaz. 2014;6(100):13–17 (in Russ.).
42. Dautova Z.A., Mitrofanova N.V. Application of the drug Emoxipine in comprehensive treatment of glaucoma. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2016;1(2):153–159 (in Russ.).
43. Kozlov S.A., Khyshiktuev B.S., Logunov N.A. The influence of complex therapy by emoxipin on the course of diabetic retinopathy. The Russian annals of ophthalmologyi. 2003;119(2):28–30 (in Russ.).
44. Kornilovskii I.M., Godzhaeva A.M. New bioptic approach to evaluation of optic aberrations and restorative vision correction. Refraktsionnaya khirurgiya i oftal’mologiya. 2006;6(1):4–12 (in Russ.).
45. Jenkins T.C. Aberrations of the eye and their effects on vision: 1. Spherical aberration. The Br J Physiol Opt. 1963;20:59–91.
46. Kosaki R., Maeda N., Bessho K. et al. Magnitude and orientation of Zernike terms in patients with keratoconus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(7):3062–3068. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1285.
47. Marsack J.D., Parker K.E., Pesudovs K. et al. Uncorrected wavefront error and visual performance during RGP wear in keratoconus. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(6):463–470. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31802e64f0.
48. Egorova G.B., Bobrovskikh N.V., Savochkina O.A. Possibilities of compensation of optical aberrations in keratoconus with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. The Russian annals of ophthalmology. 2010;126(1):42–46 (in Russ.).
49. Choi J., Wee W.R., Lee J.H., Kim M.K. Changes of ocular higher order aberration in on- and off-eye of rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(1):42–51. DOI: 10.1097/01.opx.0000254036.45989.65.
50. Fuller D.G., Wang Y. Safety and Efficacy of Scleral Lenses for Keratoconus. Optom Vis Sci. 2020;97(9):741–748. DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001578.
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