Modern view on the pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease progression
D.O. Gaponov¹, E.V. Prigodina¹, T.V. Grudina¹, A.E. Dorosevich<sup>1,2

1</sup> Smolensk State Medical University
² Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology

The article discusses the modern aspects of Parkinson’s disease development in light of the latest scientific data on the mechanisms that are triggering in the presence of relevant factors of genetic predisposition. Special attention is paid to the preclinical stage of Parkinson’s disease since this stage is crucial in the cascade of pathogenetic reactions of the pathology under consideration. Thus, the article discusses immuno-inflammatory, neurohumoral, dysbiotic, and metabolic factors in the development of Parkinson’s disease, at the preclinical stage causing structural changes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The so-called enteral nervous system and biochemical changes in a-synuclein metabolism, which is pivotal in the pathogenesis of both Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis, occupy a special place in this issue. A special role in this review is given to the role of the «gut-brain» axis as only the role of intestinal microflora and imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is considered by many authors to be underestimated in the mechanism of development of this pathology. This article is constructed in the form of a comparative analysis of the research of various authors in order to systematize the new aspects of the development of Parkinson’s disease that are currently being considered.

Key words: Parkinson’s disease, synucleinopathy, pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, alpha-synuclein, gut-brain axis, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease.
For citation: Gaponov D.O., Prigodina E.V., Grudina T.V., Dorosevich A.E. Modern view on the pathogenetic mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease progression // RMJ. 2018. № 12(I). P.66 –72.