State-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression
DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-648-653
O.V. Kotova1,2, A.A. Belyaev3, E.S. Akarachkova2
1Medical Institute of the Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship, Moscow, Russian Federation
2Autonomous Non-commercial Organization "Stress under Control", Moscow,
Russian Federation
3N.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute for Emergency Medical Aid, Moscow, Russian Federation
Depressive disorder, or depression, is one of the most common psychiatric diseases affecting millions worldwide. Anxiety disorders are also common. Most patients with anxiety refer to general practitioners with the signs of vegetative dysfunction. Anxiety per se occurs in 40% and is associated with depression (mixed anxiety-depressive disorder) IN 26%. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression is relatively high, and the extent of this comorbidity changes with aging. This paper reviews diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression. Their diagnosis includes clinical examination and questionnaire. This paper describes Neuro Scanner, an application that includes four scales to diagnose anxiety and depression, i.e., the Veyn Scale, Spielberg Trait Anxiety scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). To date, a large amount of data illustrating a significant genetic, neurobiological, an d symptomatic similarity of depression and anxiety has been accumulated. This phenomenon accounts for the efficacy of the same drugs (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics, neuroleptics, etc.).
Keywords: anxiety, depression, comorbidity, anhedonia, diagnosis, Neuro Scanner, anti-depressants, anxiolytics, cognitive behavioral therapy.
For citation: Kotova O.V., Belyaev A.A., Akarachkova E.S. State-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):648–653 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-648-653.
About the authors:
Olga V. Kotova — C. Sc. (Med.), neurologist, psychiatrist, associate professor of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics of the Faculty of Continuous Medical Education, Medical Institute of the Russian University of Peoples’ Friendship; 6, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Vice-President of the Autonomous Non-commercial Organization "Stress under Control"; 40, Musa Dzhalil str., Moscow, 115573, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-3908-0381.
Anton A. Belyaev — neurologist, junior researcher of the Department of Urgent Vascular Surgery, N.V. Sklifosovskiy Research Institute for Emergency Medical Aid; 3, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-7186-870X.
Elena S. Akarachkova — Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, President of the Autonomous Non-commercial Organization "Stress under Control"; 40, Musa Dzhalil str., Moscow, 115573, Russian Federation; ORCID iD 0000-0002-7629-3773.
Contact information: Olga V. Kotova, e-mail: ol_kotova@mail.ru.
Financial Disclosure: no authors have a financial or property interest in any material or method mentioned.
There is no conflict of interests.
Received 17.08.2021.
Revised 09.09.2021.
Accepted 30.09.2021.
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