Characteristics of acute traumatic injuries of maxillofacial region
Sipkin A.M., Akhtyamova N.E., Akhtyamov D.V.

Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow

Due to current increase of frequency and severity of injuries the paper describes etiology and nature of modern trauma, resulting in acute traumatic injury of maxillofacial area (ATIMA). The study included 591 patients with ATIMA, hospitalized to department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky from 2013 to 2015. Analysis of relationship between cause of injury, patients sex and age showed that men are most often subjected to criminal injury, children - to sports injury, women - to domestic injury. Most commonly traumatic injuries occur in the most employable age (30–40 years). The structure of maxillofacial trauma includes mandibular fractures (67.5%), fractures of the upper jaw (5.2%), zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch (11.3%),  orbital walls (4.7%), bone nose  (4.1%), frontal bone (0,7%), combined fractures (6.4%). The diagnosis of ATIMA is set based on anamnesis, physical examination and results of instrumental methods of examination. Anatomical proximity and functional connection of all facial elements  require in most cases active involvement of related specialists (neurologist, neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist) into the process of diagnosis and treatment. The objective of treatment of patients with ATIMA is to restore anatomical and functional integrity of damaged structures, through bone fragments reposition and immobilization for a period of consolidation. Also treatment should include measures for prevention and treatment of inflammatory complications due to structural features of maxillofacial region such as large amount of fatty tissue, well-developed blood flow and therefore rapidly growing collateral edema and hemorrhage into the tissue in patients with acute trauma. 

Key words: acute traumatic injuries, maxillofacial area, modern trauma, jaw, osteosynthesis.

For citation: Sipkin A.M., Akhtyamova N.E., Akhtyamov D.V. Characteristics of acute traumatic injuries of maxillofacial region // RMJ.  2016. № 14. P. 932–935.