Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children

A.A. Ploskireva¹, Yu.N. Hlypovka¹, S.B. Yatsyshina¹, S.V. Nikolaeva¹, A.V. Gorelov<sup>1,2

1</sup> Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow
² Sechenov University, Moscow

Aim: to establish the etiological structure of acute community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and acute bronchitis in children 
in a hospital.
Patients and Methods: 786 children aged 3 to 17 years old (hospitalized at Mytishchi City Clinical Hospital) were included in the study, of which 497 children were diagnosed with acute bronchitis (AB) and 289 children diagnosed with ACAP of mild to moderate severity. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination in order to establish the etiology of the disease (PCR, EIA, microbiological research).
Results: in the course of the study, it was found that most of the patients with ACAP and AB have a combined character — more than 60% and more than 70% of cases, respectively. With ACAP and AB in children, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are most often recorded, including the case of the development of combined forms. In the etiological structure of ACAP in children, unlike AB, a distinctive feature is the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well in the form of co-infections, and in AB — Moraxella catarrhalis.
Conclusion: the study showed the need to organize the monitoring of ACAP and AB etiology in children.

Key words: acute community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis, morbidity, children.
For citation: Ploskireva A.A., Hlypovka Yu.N., Yatsyshina S.B. et al. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children // RMJ. Medical Review. 2018. № 8(II). P. 50–54.