Insulin resistance and its role in the development of diabetes and other conditions. Current modalities to improve insulin sensitivity
T.Yu. Demidova, S.G. Zenina
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
Insulin resistance has long been considered to play a major role in the development of many metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic dyslipidemia associated with cardiovascular disorders. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the conception of metabolic syndrome has become popular, scientific societies have developed and applied its definitions. However, it is generally accepted now that the evidence base for metabolic syndrome is poor. Nevertheless, current researches still focus on the pathogenic role of insulin resistance, mecha-nisms of its development, and ways to improve insulin sensitivity.
Insulin resistance is of crucial importance for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Reduced sensitivity of receptors to insulin impairs its effects and triggers a vicious circle of disturbances which involves compensatory oversecretion of insulin, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, impaired tissue utilization of glucose, metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, increased insulin resistance, organ damage, and cardiovascular disorders. Early treatment aimed to improve insulin sensitivity and recover its effects could become an effective primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. This paper discusses the mechanisms of the development of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction resulting in cardiovascular complications and a novel approach to overcome them.
Keywords: insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, combinations of hypoglycemic agents.
For citation: Demidova T.Yu., Zenina S.G. Insulin resistance and its role in the development of diabetes and other conditions. Current modalities to improve insulin sensitivity. RMJ. Medical Review. 2019;10(II):116–122.
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