House dust mites: pedigree tree, communal life, prospects for symbiosis with humans (Part I)

Bardenikova S.I. ^1,2, Ph.D. of Medical Sciences, Docent. 

^{1 «}A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of medicine and dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia», Department of Pediatrics, address: Delegatskaya str., 20/1, Moscow, 127473, Russia.

² «Children's City Clinical Hospital of St. Vladimir», address: Rubtsovsko-Dvortsovaya str., 1/3, Moscow, 107014, Russia.

The article discusses the problems of growth of household sensitization, touches on the relationship of ecology and the human genomes and dust mites. Various data on the formation of household dust, the diversity and multicomponency of its composition, and the main carriers of household sensitization are presented. The evolutionary history, genealogy, diversification and taxonomy of house dust mites are considered. Known scientific data on the geographic ecology, food supply, and local biogeocenosis in their habitats determining the distribution, migration of populations, and taxon dominance structure are presented. The morphology and physiology of house dust mites of the family Pyroglyphidae are discussed. The symbiotic relationships of dust mites with environmental partners - bacteria and micromycetes are considered. The problems of tick-borne contamination of the environment, important for humans, the prospects for a constant exposure of dust mites, the significance of tick-borne allergens and individual variations of the immune response induced by them are discussed. The priority role of sensitization to house dust mites of the genus Dermatophagoides is emphasized, attention is paid to the pronounced clinical polymorphism of the allergic diseases caused by them. The stages and methods of allergic diagnostics, the modern possibilities of allergotesting, the features of interpretation of the results, as well as the problems of standardization and equivalence of diagnostic allergens are discussed. The generalized scientific data on the low efficiency of elimination measures confirm the feasibility and prospects of the formation of immune tolerance to house dust allergens in all ways possible at different age periods of life.

Keywords: dust; house dust; library dust; house dust mites, genome, genealogy and diversification, morphology and physiology, genus Dermatophagoides, symbiosis, commensalism; house dust mite allergens; sensitization verification, sensitization dynamics; children; prospects.