Obesity and bronchial asthma. Clinical and allergological characteristics
E.F. Glushkova, N.V. Shartanova, L.V. Luss

“National Research Center — Institute of Immunology” Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow

Obesity, which is considered one of the risk factors for the development of bronchial asthma (BA), and the reasons for its insufficient control, can probably influence the inflammation of the respiratory tract. However, the nature of these relationships needs to be clarified.
Aim: to give a clinico-functional allergological and endocrinological characteristic, to highlight the features of the course and to determine the tactics of treating patients suffering from bronchial asthma in combination with obesity.
Patients and Methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the National Research Center — Institute of Immunology of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, both in the outpatient and inpatient conditions. A statistical analysis of 367 patients with different body mass index (BMI), who received an inpatient treatment for the exacerbation of asthma of varying severity, was performed. Forty patients with asthma, who met all entry criteria and did not have exclusion criteria, were examined on an outpatient basis.
Results: the analysis of the data showed, that the prevalence of obesity among the 367 patients, suffering from asthma and treated on inpatient basis in 2013–2015, was 44.9%, which is comparable to the prevalence of obesity in the general population. Thus, at the age of 18–30 the prevalence of obesity was 30%, 31–40 years — 37.93%, 41–50 years — 45.78%, 51–60 years — 55.88%. The severity of asthma in patients with normal, excessive body mass and obesity did not have statistically significant differences in patients of these groups. The structure of phenotypes of bronchial asthma was also comparable among patients with different BMI.
The present study found that the severity of BA in patients with obesity increases with the age, that is, the older the patient, the more severe clinical course of asthma.
Conclusion: when analyzing the data of the study in inpatient and outpatient patients suffering from asthma and obesity, it was established that obesity does not affect the severity of the clinical course of asthma. It is shown that obesity does not affect the control of symptoms of asthma.

Key words: bronchial asthma, metabolic syndrome, obesity, body mass index, VRI diagnostics.
For citation: Glushkova E.F., Shartanova N.V., Luss L.V. Obesity and bronchial asthma. Clinical and allergological characteristics // RMJ. 2018. № 8(I). P. 4–8.